美國阿拉斯加成功測試遠程導彈雷達




美國五角大樓成功測試阿拉斯加長程雷達 可偵測來自俄中導彈威脅

美國五角大樓近日在阿拉斯加成功測試了一款長程雷達系統,該雷達能夠偵測來自俄羅斯或中國的導彈威脅,未來有望成為「金色圓頂」(Golden Dome)導彈防禦盾牌計劃中的重要感測器。

五角大樓週二表示,這款名為長程識別雷達(Long Range Discrimination Radar, LRDR)的系統成功獲取、追蹤並回報了導彈目標數據,這些都是「金色圓頂」計劃的關鍵任務。該計劃耗資約1,750億美元,目標是保護美國及其盟友免受彈道導彈攻擊。

這套設置於阿拉斯加中部的長程雷達系統由洛克希德·馬丁公司(Lockheed Martin)建造,是現有地基中段防禦系統(Ground-Based Midcourse Defense, GMD)的一部分。該系統旨在提升部署於阿拉斯加及加州的攔截導彈效能,這些攔截器目前處於待命狀態,準備攔截由伊朗或北韓發射的來襲導彈。

美國導彈防禦局(Missile Defense Agency)聯同美國太空軍及美國北方司令部,於週一在阿拉斯加Clear太空軍基地進行此次飛行測試。

測試中,由導彈防禦局研發的目標導彈從空中發射,飛越北太平洋,距阿拉斯加南部海岸超過2,000公里(約1,243英里),期間被LRDR成功追蹤。

金色圓頂計劃借鑒以色列鐵穹 面臨政治和資金挑戰

「金色圓頂」防禦盾牌計劃希望建立一套由衛星組成的網絡,能夠偵測、追蹤及攔截來襲導彈。該計劃靈感來自以色列的「鐵穹」防禦系統,但由於預算龐大及政治審查嚴格,計劃面臨資金不確定性。

官方預期該系統可於2029年1月投入運作,但專家對於時間表及預算的可行性持保留態度。

編輯評論:長程雷達與金色圓頂防禦系統的戰略意義與挑戰

這次美國成功測試阿拉斯加的長程雷達,代表美國在導彈防禦技術上持續向前邁進,尤其是在面對來自俄羅斯和中國等大國的戰略威脅時,強化了美軍的先進預警和攔截能力。長程識別雷達不僅是現有防禦體系的關鍵升級,更是未來「金色圓頂」計劃的核心感測器,將為美國打造一個更為全面的彈道導彈防禦網絡。

然而,這項耗資數百億美元的計劃,無疑面臨著嚴峻的政治與財政壓力。過去類似的高成本防禦系統往往因技術挑戰和預算超支而延誤,甚至被削減。加上美國目前在國際軍事競賽中需要面對多重威脅,如何在有效防禦與合理支出間取得平衡,將是決策者不得不慎重考量的問題。

此外,金色圓頂借鑒以色列鐵穹系統的設計理念,卻要應對更大範圍和更複雜的威脅,技術挑戰更高。衛星網絡的整合、雷達的精準度、攔截器的反應速度,都將決定整個系統能否如期運作。

對香港讀者來說,這反映出全球軍事科技競賽的激烈程度,以及美國如何透過技術創新維持其全球軍事優勢。未來若此類防禦系統成熟,對亞太地區的安全局勢將產生深遠影響。香港作為國際金融及信息交流樞紐,亦需密切關注這些國際軍事動態,理解科技與地緣政治的交織,從而更全面地解讀全球安全環境的變化。

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