美國關稅新規:零售商叫停對美銷售,價格恐漲




美國取消小包裹關稅豁免 令部分零售商暫停美國銷售

倫敦消息 — 美國於本週五終止對小型包裹的關稅豁免政策後,不少零售商已停止向美國客戶銷售產品,另有部分業者嘗試尋找臨時解決方案,希望關稅稅率日後能有所下調。

美國總統特朗普上月決定取消「de minimis」政策,即對價值低於800美元的電商包裹免徵關稅的待遇。這項措施適用於中國及香港出產的產品,取消後大部分中國製商品需繳付高達145%的關稅,改變了全球貿易格局並引發北京的反制措施。

英國美妝品牌Space NK已暫停向美國的電商訂單及出貨,該公司於周三公告表示,此舉是為避免客戶訂單被錯誤或額外收費。

同樣地,位於溫哥華、銷售中國製胸罩及內衣的Understance也透過Instagram告知顧客,因關稅問題暫停向美國出貨,並表示待情況明朗後會恢復。

貿易顧問公司Trade Force Multiplier的行政總裁Cindy Allen指出:「關稅從零突然跳升至145%,對企業和消費者來說都是難以承受的。」她補充說,許多中小企業選擇完全退出美國市場。

價格全面上調 商家被迫承擔成本

仍願意進軍美國市場的商家,唯有提高售價以應對關稅壓力。

英國服裝品牌Oh Polly的美國價格較其他市場高出20%,其董事總經理Mike Branney表示,因應關稅提高,未來可能會進一步調價。

新加坡快時尚巨頭Shein於其美國Instagram帳號發文安撫顧客,表示「部分產品價格或有變動,但大部分系列依然保持親民價位。」Shein主要銷售中國製衣物,美國是其最大市場。

中國電商巨頭PDD旗下的國際平台Temu則在網站明顯標示「本地倉庫」商品,並彈出提示告知顧客本地倉庫商品無需支付進口關稅。Temu聲明,所有美國銷售由當地賣家負責,訂單亦在美國境內完成,定價保持不變。

不過,5月2日之前進口的庫存最終會售罄。Shein和Temu近週均大幅削減美國市場的數字廣告支出,為關稅新政可能帶來的銷售衝擊作準備。Shein尚未回應置評請求。

貿易自動化平台Tru Identity行政總裁、海關專家Hugo Pakula指出:「電商企業過去長期享有便利,這是貿易運作的重大轉變。如果你的庫存在美國境外,銷售美國市場將會非常困難。」

取消免稅政策 助長假貨及非法貨物流通疑慮

「de minimis」政策原意為促進國際貿易便利,但因被指助長中國原料芬太尼走私及大量低價中國製衣物、玩具、家具等商品湧入美國,遭到兩黨批評。該政策亦成為假貨流通的漏洞。2024年,美國海關及邊境保護局所扣押的知識產權侵權貨物中,有97%來自「de minimis」包裹。

取消該政策後,中國製商品賣家須向美國海關提供更詳盡的產品組件產地資料,增加行政負擔,加上高額關稅,令不少小型零售商望而卻步。

快遞公司UPS行政總裁Carol Tome表示,許多中小企業客戶的貨品100%來自中國。

美國線上市場Etsy本月早前通知賣家,將協助他們更清楚標明產品原產地,因關稅是根據商品製造地而非出貨地徵收。

轉向本地零售或非中國製造商成新趨勢

雖然此舉對電商造成衝擊,但對依賴實體店銷售或非中國製造的零售商或許是一大利好。

英國快時尚品牌Primark僅透過全美門店銷售,不提供網購服務,其母公司Associated British Foods行政總裁George Weston表示:「隨著價格上升,也許會有更多美國消費者回流至實體商場尋找優惠。」

評論與啟示

美國取消「de minimis」免稅政策,無疑是在全球貿易中投下震撼彈。這不僅是關稅政策的調整,更是對跨境電商生態系的重大挑戰。過去多年,電商平台憑藉「低價快速」的優勢搶占市場,尤其是以中國製品為主,形成龐大的供應鏈和消費者習慣。如今高達145%的關稅大幅提高了進入門檻,迫使商家不得不調價、暫停銷售甚至退出市場,消費者面臨商品價格飆升與選擇減少的雙重打擊。

另一方面,取消免稅政策雖有助於遏止假貨及非法物品走私,但也加劇了中小企業的運營壓力。這反映出全球貿易政策在安全與便利之間的艱難平衡。對於香港及中國的零售業者而言,如何調整供應鏈策略、擴展本地庫存或多元化製造基地,將成為生存關鍵。

此外,此次政策變動或促使美國消費者重新審視網購與實體店消費的利弊,或加快實體零售的復興。從長遠看,全球電商模式將不得不適應更複雜的關稅與合規環境,尋找更靈活且合規的運營模式。

總括而言,這波政策風暴提醒我們,全球化經濟下的自由貿易並非一成不變,政策變動可瞬間重塑市場格局。企業與消費者均需提高風險意識與適應力,才能在變局中找到新的機遇。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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