美國通脹放緩引發華爾街反彈潮

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通脹數據較預期溫和 有望帶動華爾街反彈

美國主要股指期貨現時顯示週四開市將大幅上揚,市場預料股市有望在經歷前一交易日大幅拋售後回穩反彈。這一走勢主要受美國勞工部公布的消費者物價通脹數據影響,報告顯示年度物價增長速度出乎意料地放緩。

報告指出,11月份消費者物價年增率由9月份的3.0%降至2.7%,而經濟學家原本預期該數字會升至3.1%。剔除食品和能源價格的核心消費者物價年增率亦由3.0%降至2.6%,本來預計會維持不變。勞工部同時表示,由於政府停擺,2025年10月的調查數據未有收集。

這些意外的放緩數據,可能增強市場對聯儲局在新一年繼續降息的信心。

週二股市波動劇烈後,週三早盤股市曾一度上漲,但隨即受壓回落,主要股指從當日高位大幅回落並轉為下跌。科技股尤其疲軟,納斯達克指數下跌418.14點或1.8%,收報22,693.32點;標普500指數下跌78.83點或1.2%,報6,721.43點;道瓊斯工業平均指數下滑228.29點或0.5%,報47,885.97點。

科技巨頭甲骨文(Oracle)受壓,股價下挫5.4%至六個月低位。此前《金融時報》報導稱,甲骨文在密歇根州下一個數據中心項目的最大合作夥伴Blue Owl Capital不支持一項價值100億美元的交易,但甲骨文後來表示項目仍在推進。其他大型科技股如英偉達(Nvidia)、博通(Broadcom)及超微(AMD)亦大幅下跌。

半導體股表現最差,費城半導體指數大跌3.8%,電腦硬件股亦重挫3.1%。網絡設備股、航空股、券商及房地產股同樣疲軟。相反,能源股表現強勁,因原油價格自2021年初以來最低水平反彈。油價上漲部分原因是特朗普總統命令封鎖委內瑞拉受制裁的油輪,並將該國政府列為外國恐怖組織。

在大宗商品方面,原油期貨上升0.34美元至每桶56.28美元,黃金期貨則微跌8.80美元至每盎司4,365.10美元。美元兌日圓匯率為155.49,對歐元匯率為1美元兌1.1746歐元。

亞洲股市週四普遍下跌,因美股標普500和納斯達克指數創三週新低,投資者擔憂科技股估值過高。中國上證綜合指數微升0.2%,因中國萬科與債權人會議商討債務展期以避免違約。香港恒生指數小幅上揚0.1%。日本市場受人工智能及數據中心業務前景影響,日經225指數下跌1%,東證指數跌0.4%。韓國股市則因人工智能行業盈利前景憂慮下跌1.5%。澳洲股市收復早段跌幅,略為上漲;新西蘭股市則因第三季GDP強勁增長數據輕微下跌0.3%。

歐洲主要股市表現分化,歐洲央行維持利率不變,英格蘭銀行則下調利率25個基點。法國製造業信心指數強勁反彈至102,超出預期。英國富時100指數微跌0.2%,法國CAC 40指數上升0.3%,德國DAX指數上漲0.5%。瑞士ABB集團小幅下跌,因同意收購英國電氣診斷科技公司IPEC。香水零售商Douglas因客戶價格敏感度提高及折扣競爭壓力加大而股價下跌。電子零售商Currys則因上半年稅前調整後利潤翻倍而股價大漲。

此外,美國勞工部同日公布,9月至11月消費者物價指數累計上升0.2%,年度增長率放緩至2.7%;核心物價增長率降至2.6%。同期,首次申請失業救濟人數降至22.4萬,符合預期。費城聯儲12月製造業指數意外下降至負10.2,顯示區域經濟活動收縮,低於市場預期的正值3.0。

展望未來,費城聯儲表示調查中大部分未來指標有所放緩,但仍普遍預期未來六個月經濟將持續增長。美國財政部預計於當地時間上午11時公布本月兩年、五年及七年期國債拍賣詳情。

評論與啟示

這份通脹報告所反映的溫和通脹趨勢,對市場信心及聯儲局政策走向有著重要影響。通脹放緩往往被視為貨幣政策壓力減輕的信號,市場因此預期聯儲局可能會延續降息周期,這有助於刺激股市反彈。然而,短期內科技股的疲軟尤其值得關注,因為人工智能及半導體行業的盈利前景仍面臨不確定性,這可能反映市場對高估值科技股的重新評估。

此外,地緣政治因素如美國對委內瑞拉油輪的封鎖加劇了能源市場的不穩定,推高油價,這將對全球通脹及經濟復甦帶來新的挑戰。亞洲市場的波動亦顯示出全球經濟複雜多變的面貌,尤其是中國的債務問題仍然是潛在風險。

整體來看,投資者應密切關注未來經濟數據和央行政策動向,尤其是美聯儲和歐洲央行的決策,這將直接影響市場走勢。對香港及亞洲投資者而言,全球經濟不確定性增加,謹慎部署資產配置與風險管理顯得尤為重要。

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