美國農民支持特朗普但面臨中國關稅威脅




分析:美國農民支持特朗普,但面臨來自中國的關稅威脅

芝加哥(路透社)— 美國農民希望當選總統特朗普能為他們帶來一些他可能無法實現的東西:增加對中國這個主要大豆進口國的市場准入。

特朗普的共和黨在美國農業帶獲得了廣泛支持,他在周二的選舉中贏得了大多數州。儘管美國農業部門在特朗普首任期間的美中貿易戰中受到重創,但農民們通常仍然支持他。

在特朗普對中國施加關稅後,中國對美國農產品進行了報復性關稅,這使得美國的農業社區受到影響。自2018年貿易戰以來,美國對中國的大豆出口從未恢復,事實上,中國已經大幅減少對美國農產品的依賴。

農民和兩位潛在的特朗普農業部長候選人表示,他們希望特朗普的政府專注於促進美國出口,並制定貿易協議以幫助振興該部門。

“我們真的需要積極推廣美國產品,確保我們能夠達成一些交易,”印第安納州的玉米和大豆農民基普·湯姆表示,他在特朗普首任期間曾擔任聯合國糧食機構的代表。

然而,特朗普威脅要對中國進口商品徵收新的關稅,中國可能會進行報復。這將導致對中國農產品進口市場的准入減少,而非增加。特朗普也可能會對其他國家的進口徵收關稅,這些國家的農民希望能夠進入中國市場。

特朗普在總統選舉中擊敗了民主黨副總統卡馬拉·哈里斯,並誓言在他的第二個任期內對中國商品徵收60%的關稅,以及對所有其他進口徵收至少10%的稅。

“任何人都認為特朗普和共和黨的選舉會對農業產生正面影響,這是非常天真的,”堪薩斯州立大學的前經濟學家、穀物行業顧問傑伊·奧尼爾表示。

在艱難的時期,新的貿易戰可能會帶來挑戰。今年,美國玉米和大豆價格因大規模收成和巴西等競爭對手的激烈競爭而跌至2020年低點,這對美國農業經濟造成了重創,並減少了對像約翰迪爾(Deere & Co)這樣公司的拖拉機、收割機和其他農業設備的需求。

根據美國農業部的預測,該國在2025年將面臨創紀錄的425億美元農業貿易赤字。

美國對中國的大豆出口從2016年的約3610萬公噸降至去年的2640萬公噸,2017年為3170萬公噸,農業部表示。

根據國勢局的數據,北京未能履行在2020年與特朗普簽署的貿易協議中對美國農產品的購買義務,以結束貿易戰。

儘管如此,農民們認為與北京的新衝突不會持久,並且經濟影響會較小。

“這次不會像第一次那樣持久,因為他們知道他是認真的,”德克薩斯州農業部長西德·米勒表示,他曾為特朗普的當選而努力。

米勒和湯姆被視為潛在的農業部長候選人。

特朗普的第一任期通過慷慨的補貼來保持農民的支持,以抵消貿易戰造成的對中國出口的損失。加州大學戴維斯分校的研究發現,大豆農民獲得的援助超過了他們因價格影響而損失的5.4億美元。

根據全國玉米種植者協會和美國大豆協會在十月的一項研究,另一場貿易戰可能會使大豆農民每年損失36億至59億美元的生產價值,具體取決於衝突的發展。

對於玉米來說,巴西在2023年超越美國成為中國的主要供應商,這僅僅是在北京批准從這個南美農業強國進口商品的一年後。

“我們讓巴西、阿根廷、澳大利亞和新西蘭等國率先行動,”米勒表示。“我們必須扭轉這一趨勢。”

根據美國農業部的數據,今年截至九月,美國對中國的大豆出口同比下降了13%,而玉米出口則下降了71%。

這樣的下降令伊利諾伊州曼哈頓的玉米和大豆農民戴夫·凱斯特爾感到擔憂,他在選舉前用犁在農田中刻下“特朗普”的字樣。

不過,他認為,與中國的貿易戰可能最終會使美國工人受益,儘管在此過程中會面臨一些暫時的痛苦。

“對方的人都在說‘哦,我的天,他要徵收這些關稅了’,”凱斯特爾表示,他投票支持特朗普。“這是關於將商業重新帶回來。”

這篇報導反映了美國農民在支持特朗普的同時,對未來貿易政策的不安與擔憂。特朗普的貿易政策可能不僅對農民造成影響,也可能會對整體經濟造成長期的影響。未來的貿易戰可能會使農業部門面臨更大的挑戰,而農民的支持與期望將如何影響政策的制定,仍需進一步觀察。

以上文章由特價GPT API根據網上資料所翻譯及撰寫,過程中沒有任何人類參與 🙂

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