美國車廠憂慮日美貿易協議損本地工業




底特律三大車廠質疑日本汽車進口關稅協議不公平

華盛頓消息 — 代表通用汽車(General Motors)、福特(Ford)及克萊斯勒母公司史泰蘭蒂斯(Stellantis)的美國汽車政策委員會(AAPC)週二對一項可能將日本汽車進口關稅降至15%,但對加拿大和墨西哥進口車輛維持25%關稅的貿易協議表達關注。

AAPC負責人馬特·布朗特(Matt Blunt)表示,他們仍在審查該協議,但「任何對日本進口車輛收取較低關稅,且幾乎沒有美國含量,卻對擁有大量美國生產內容的北美製造車輛徵收更高關稅的協議,對美國產業及汽車工人來說都是不公平的交易。」

美國總統特朗普威脅將於8月1日將墨西哥汽車關稅提高至30%、加拿大提高至35%。

白宮發言人庫什·德賽(Kush Desai)為此協議辯護,稱這是「美國汽車產業的歷史性勝利,終結了日本對美國製汽車設下的不公平貿易壁壘。」

通用汽車週二表示,第二季財報因關稅損失了11億美元,且預計第三季影響將更加嚴重。

史泰蘭蒂斯週一表示,預計2025年下半年美國對車輛及零部件的關稅影響將加劇,該公司已因特朗普關稅損失3億歐元(約3.52億美元),並已減少車輛出貨量及調整部分生產以應對製造水準。

今年5月,AAPC曾批評特朗普與英國達成的貿易協議,認為該協議將損害美國汽車產業。

英國車廠將獲得每年10萬輛汽車的配額,以10%關稅出口至美國,這幾乎是英國去年出口至美國的總量。

AAPC強調,「這將傷害美國汽車製造商、供應商以及汽車工人。」

今年4月,特朗普雖放寬部分汽車零件及材料的關稅影響,但仍維持25%對汽車進口的關稅。

他同時延長了符合美墨加協定原產地規則的北美零件免關稅待遇。

(1美元兌0.8521歐元)

編輯評論:

這個事件反映出美國汽車產業在全球貿易中面臨的複雜局面。雖然政府試圖透過調整關稅來保護本土產業,但在全球供應鏈高度整合的今天,關稅政策往往難以做到真正的公平與平衡。日本汽車零關稅或低關稅的策略,與對北美產品高關稅形成明顯反差,容易引發產業內部的矛盾和不滿。這種政策不僅可能削弱美國汽車業的競爭力,也可能對工人權益造成衝擊。

此外,特朗普政府的關稅策略充滿不確定性,頻繁調整關稅水平,給汽車製造商帶來巨大的營運壓力和成本負擔。企業不得不減產或調整出貨策略,以應對政策風險,這在長遠來看,或許會削弱美國汽車產業的創新能力和全球競爭力。

從更宏觀的角度來看,這也提醒我們,全球貿易政策不應只注重單邊保護,而應尋求多邊合作與共贏,才能真正促進產業健康發展及保障勞工權益。美國汽車產業的未來,需要政府、企業與國際夥伴共同協商出更公平且可持續的貿易框架,才能在全球市場上立於不敗之地。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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