美國證監會質疑比特幣挖礦服務合規性




SEC指控比特幣礦工托管服務受證券法約束

美國證券交易委員會(SEC)在一宗訴訟中指出,第三方比特幣礦工托管服務可能構成證券發行,這一立場遭到業界一位高管的強烈反對。

SEC在德拉瓦州的聯邦法院對比特幣礦業公司VBit及其創始人Danh Vo提起訴訟,指控他們在2018至2022年間透過銷售超過實際礦機數量的托管協議,詐騙並挪用約4800萬美元的投資者資金。

SEC聲稱,「VBit的托管協議屬於投資合約,因此構成證券」,並認為VBit的投資合約符合證券定義的霍威測試(Howey test)標準。

SEC指出,「購買托管協議的投資者期望獲得被動收入,並完全依賴VBit的努力來獲利,因為投資者並不擁有、控制或對他們所謂購買的礦機有代理權。」

這一指控反映了拜登政府下SEC的執法方式,該機構被批評將大多數加密貨幣和業務納入證券法的範疇。

VBit未遵循行業標準,SEC指控

SEC聲稱,Vo的比特幣礦工托管業務遠未達到行業標準,投資者無法追蹤他們的礦機,而公司則保留了全部的操作控制權。

VBit還將算力導入其控制的礦池,這似乎是SEC將VBit的比特幣礦工托管協議歸類為證券的關鍵因素。

SEC在文件中表示,「每位投資者的財運與其他投資者的財運息息相關,因為每位投資者獲利的機會直接取決於更大VBit礦池的表現,招募的投資者越多,賺取比特幣的機會越大。」

SEC的觀點不應影響托管比特幣礦業

Blockware Intelligence的負責人Mitchell Askew告訴Cointelegraph,將算力集中並非托管比特幣礦業服務提供商的行業慣例。

他表示,「托管比特幣礦業僅意味著客戶購買一台計算機和電力。這不涉及資本集中、利潤分享,也不依賴推廣者來產生回報。根據霍威測試,這顯然不構成證券。」

Askew補充道:「我不認為這會影響托管礦業。合法的托管礦業與投資合約沒有任何相似之處,這一理論根本站不住腳。」

SEC尚未對此請求作出立即回應。

SEC認為托管比特幣礦業可能構成證券的觀點,與特朗普政府下的分類形成鮮明對比,當時SEC對行業的支持力度較大。儘管許多在拜登政府下啟動的高調加密調查已經被終止,但許多與詐騙相關的訴訟仍在進行中。

這一事件突顯了加密貨幣行業在監管框架中的不確定性,特別是在涉及新興商業模式時。隨著行業的發展,監管機構如何調整其立場將對整個市場的健康發展起到至關重要的作用。未來,業界需要更加清晰的規範來引導合規操作,從而保護投資者的權益,並促進行業的可持續增長。

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