美國補習風潮:邊種最有效?邊個得益?

Ai




美國的補習效果如何?──四篇必讀文章

自新冠疫情以來,美國的私補和校內輔導市場顯著增長。自2022年以來,美國教育部提供的2.2億美元資金,旨在幫助學校建立輔導計劃,以應對疫情帶來的學習損失。此外,某些學區也投資於選擇性計劃,讓學生透過學校的在線平台登錄輔導服務。

以下四篇來自《對話》的文章,探討了美國輔導計劃的有效性以及對富裕家庭學生所帶來的優勢。

1. 校內輔導的價值

國家學生支持加速器的執行主任蘇珊娜·洛布(Susanna Loeb)解釋,私補支出的增長主要來自富裕家庭,這使得不同社會經濟背景的學生之間的教育差距更加擴大。洛布指出,高影響力的校內輔導是最可及和有效的選擇,特別是在學校內進行的輔導,每次至少持續30分鐘,並且每週至少三天。

她強調:「家長獲得免費輔導的最有效方法是通過學校。參加學校內輔導的學生出勤率更高,這導致了更好的學習成果,如數學和閱讀能力的提升。」

2. 設定目標的重要性

亞利桑那州立大學的數學教育博士生蘇蘭尼·喬舒亞(Surani Joshua)探討了家長在聘請輔導員前應考慮的因素。她指出,家長首先要確定希望孩子從輔導中獲得什麼,並強調學習應放在表現之上,並會以自己的節奏進行。

她補充道,有效的輔導應該讓學生積極參與過程,而不是靜靜地坐在那裡聽輔導員講解。「學生在犯錯並意識到錯誤時學習效果最佳。好的輔導員不會干預以防止錯誤,而是讓錯誤發生,然後幫助學生識別和修正。這種方法教會學生在輔導員不在時也能運用的技能。」

3. 富裕學生的優勢

阿默斯特學院的社會學和美國研究教授帕萬·丁哈拉(Pawan Dhingra)擔心,密集的課後輔導為富裕家庭的孩子提供了優勢。丁哈拉訪問了100多個有小學生和中學生的亞裔美國人及白人家庭,發現越來越多的家庭感受到壓力,確保孩子的學習能超過年級水平。

他引用一位波士頓地區小學校長的話:「參加課外班的學生讓其他孩子感到自卑,因為他們更聰明、更有能力,並且能更快地完成任務。」

4. 使用ChatGPT作為輔導工具

維吉尼亞大學的數位學習主管安妮·特倫博(Anne Trumbore)解釋了ChatGPT如何幫助學生在學業上取得優異成績。這款新型的人工智能聊天機器人擁有先進的對話能力,已經收集了大量教育主題的數據,甚至能通過研究生入學考試。

特倫博指出,先進的聊天機器人可以用來鼓勵學生深入學習。「早在2007年,早期的AI聊天機器人就通過與學生對話來輔導他們的問題。研究顯示,這些聊天機器人支持的學習成果與人類輔導員的效果相似。」

這些文章強調了輔導在美國教育中的重要性及其潛在的影響。隨著補習市場的擴大,我們應該關注其對不同社會經濟背景學生的影響,尤其是如何縮小教育差距。未來,教育政策的制定者應考慮如何將這些資源更公平地分配給所有學生,而不僅僅是富裕家庭的孩子。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

🎨 Nano Banana Pro 圖像生成器|打幾句說話就出圖

想畫人像、產品圖、插畫?SSFuture 圖像生成器支援 Flux Gemini Nano Banana Pro 改圖 / 合成, 打廣東話都得,仲可以沿用上一張圖繼續微調。

🆓 Flux 模型即玩,不用登入
🤖 登入後解鎖 Gemini 改圖
📷 支援上載參考圖再生成
⚡ 每天免費額度任你玩
✨ 即刻玩 AI 畫圖
Use the original face exactly as it is, without changing a details. A striking, high-fashion editorial portrait of a white -skinned model, captured outdoors with a bright, sunny, slightly hazy ambiance reminiscent of the late 1980s or early 1990s.
Model and Styling
• Model: A female model with elegant features and dark, curly hair, posed looking over her shoulder towards the camera. Her expression is confident and alluring.
• Outfit: She is wearing a two-piece outfit (or a playsuit/romper) entirely covered in black and white polka dots.
• Top: A loose, long-sleeved shirt, worn off one shoulder, showcasing the neckline. The polka dots on the shirt appear slightly smaller and more uniform.
• Bottom: Matching shorts or a skirt with a tight, fitted silhouette, emphasizing her figure. The polka dots here appear slightly denser.
• Hat: A defining accessory—a dramatically oversized sun hat with a wide, floppy brim. The crown is white, and the large, voluminous brim is patterned with large black and white polka dots, cascading down. A black fabric tie/ribbon is visible around the crown.
• Accessories: Large, circular or crescent-shaped gold earrings dangle from her ears.
Lighting and Setting
• Lighting: Natural, bright, direct sunlight creating a warm, sun-kissed, and slightly nostalgic aesthetic. The overall color palette leans towards desaturated pastels and warm creamy whites.
• Setting: She is positioned on a rooftop, terrace, or balcony, with a hazy, mountainous or coastal landscape visible in the blurred background. The background is predominantly soft blues and pale purples, suggesting a distant view over a city or ocean.
• Composition: A vertical, full-body to three-quarter shot. The model is the central focus, framed against the soft background.
Keywords/Style
• Style: High Fashion, Editorial, Retro, 90s Fashion, Resort Wear, Glamorous, Iconic.
• Vibe: Sophisticated, Sunny, Vacation Chic, Bold Pattern. Use the original face exactly as it is, without changing a details. A hyper-realistic, highly detailed portrait of a beautiful woman in a 1950s/Pin-Up style, evoking the essence of a classic Hollywood starlet on a glamorous vacation.
• Subject: A stunning young woman with a classic Pin-Up aesthetic (think 1950s movie star).
• Facial Features: Striking blue/green eyes, perfectly arched eyebrows, and classic makeup featuring bright red lipstick. Her expression is captivating and seductive.
• Hair & Hat: Long, voluminous, deep brown hair styled in soft, glamorous waves/curls. She is wearing a very large, wide-brimmed straw hat that casts a soft shadow on her face.
• Attire: A chic, form-fitting black dress with white polka dots. The dress has an off-the-shoulder, sweetheart neckline bodice that cinches at the waist with a thin black belt. She is also wearing a black scarf with white polka dots tied around her neck like an ascot.
• Setting & Context: The background suggests a sunny, coastal location with a deep blue ocean/sea visible behind her. She is leaning seductively against the tan/brown, polished hood or door of a classic vintage convertible car.
• Style/Vibe: Vintage glamour, 1950s Hollywood, high-fashion editorial. Photorealistic recreation of the iconic grocery shopping scene from Home Alone, set on a snowy winter street in New York City with yellow taxis, steam rising from manholes, holiday lights on buildings, and pedestrians in the background. In the foreground, a man (his face is 100% same as the uploaded photo), smile gently, wearing a white sweater and a light beige scarf around his neck, is taking a selfie-style close-up photo. Behind him and slightly to the right, a young boy (recreated exactly like Kevin McCallister from Home Alone) with short blonde hair, wide-eyed surprised expression, wearing a red knit hat, red scarf, beige coat, gray gloves, holding two full plastic grocery bags (one with oranges visible, the other with a carton of milk and cereal boxes). The boy is standing on the snowy sidewalk looking shocked. Cinematic lighting, cold winter atmosphere, high detail, sharp focus, realistic textures on clothing and snow, film still style from 1990s holiday movie.