美國無限期封殺Nvidia H20 AI晶片出口中國




美國政府無限期禁止Nvidia H20 AI晶片出口中國 科技戰再升級

Nvidia週二宣佈,美國政府即日起要求出口H20 AI晶片去中國必須申請特別許可證,並且這項規定是無限期生效。美方關注這款晶片有機會被中國用於超級電腦之上,可能涉及國家安全風險。Nvidia預計,相關措施將令公司在2026財政年度第一季錄得55億美元損失。

根據Nvidia向監管部門提交的文件,美國政府已正式通知公司有關最新出口管制要求。H20晶片其實已經是現行美國出口規例之下,Nvidia可以出口至中國最先進的AI晶片。

近期有報導指出,美國進一步收緊H20出口限制,主要原因是這款晶片被指用於中國AI初創DeepSeek的模型訓練,包括R1「推理」模型。早前,NPR曾報導Nvidia行政總裁黃仁勳於Mar-a-Lago與前總統特朗普會面,討論H20出口限制及Nvidia加大美國AI數據中心投資的承諾。

Nvidia同時在本週一宣佈,計劃未來四年在美國本土投資數億美元,用於生產AI晶片。不過,這項承諾的細節暫時未有透露。受消息影響,Nvidia股價在盤後交易時段一度下跌約6%。公司暫未就事件作出進一步評論。

編輯評論:科技戰下的「晶片新冷戰」 全球AI發展將何去何從?

今次美國政府針對Nvidia H20 AI晶片無限期實施出口許可制度,反映出美中科技戰已經進入一個新階段。以往美國對中國的高端晶片限制,主要針對軍事用途和超級計算機,今次則進一步針對AI技術的核心硬件——這不僅是單純的商業競爭,背後更是對未來全球AI主導權的爭奪。

值得留意的是,H20原本已經是經過「降規」以符合美國出口規定的產品,但即使如此,美國仍然擔心中國能夠透過這些AI晶片訓練出具備推理能力的先進模型,甚至加速軍事AI應用。這種「防微杜漸」的政策,實質上令全球AI產業鏈進一步分裂。中國雖然短期內受挫,但長遠來看,反而可能加速本土AI晶片的研發和自給自足,形成東西方科技「脫鈎」的新局面。

另一方面,Nvidia作為全球AI晶片龍頭,面對中美兩邊壓力,既要維護美國國家利益,又不想失去龐大的中國市場,處境極為尷尬。公司雖然宣稱加大在美國本土投資,但這是否足以彌補中國市場流失帶來的損失,仍然成疑。更值得關注的是,全球AI技術競賽,會否因為這類出口管制而變得更加封閉和碎片化?未來AI創新是否會因政治壁壘而減速,抑或會激發更多「另類突破」?這些問題,值得整個科技界、政策制定者和投資者深思。

總括而言,Nvidia H20事件不單止是一宗商業新聞,而是全球科技格局變動的縮影。AI晶片的「新冷戰」已經開打,勝負未分,但肯定會深遠影響未來的創新生態和國際秩序。

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