美國減肥藥覆蓋率:医保的主導地位




美國醫療保健計劃推動Novo、Lilly減肥藥覆蓋率

(路透社) – 根據一項與路透社分享的分析,美國政府健康計劃在新型流行減肥藥的覆蓋率方面占據了主導地位,遠超過私營雇主和保險公司提供的報銷。

針對低收入家庭的州醫療補助計劃是最大的覆蓋來源,為3160萬人提供了使用Novo Nordisk的Wegovy或Eli Lilly的Zepbound的機會,這是由Leverage諮詢公司製作的AXIACI肥胖覆蓋數據庫所顯示的。

該數據庫追蹤約80%美國有健康保險的人的肥胖覆蓋狀況。

此外,還有1460萬聯邦工作人員及其家屬享有覆蓋,600萬州和地方政府員工及其家屬也有相應的保障。這樣合計有5220萬美國人通過政府資助的健康計劃獲得覆蓋。

相比之下,根據該數據庫,只有1370萬人在商業健康計劃中擁有減肥藥的覆蓋。這可能是低估了,因為許多雇主並未公開他們的健康計劃。

Leverage估計,根據其數據庫顯示的趨勢,可能還有多達1070萬人擁有來自私營雇主的覆蓋。綜合起來,全國的覆蓋人數可能達到2440萬,但仍然不足政府計劃的一半。

「政府計劃與私營計劃之間的差異非常顯著,這顯示仍有許多雇主持觀望態度,」羅伯特·伍德·約翰遜基金會的高級政策官Kathy Hempstead表示,該基金會資助了這一數據庫的建立。

Hempstead指出,「健康保險的保費因多種原因上漲,這可能使得雇主更難再承擔額外的費用來資助減肥治療。」

Wegovy和Zepbound的上市,已顯示能幫助人們減少15%至20%的體重,正在改變美國的醫療護理現狀,而在美國,超過1億成年人面臨肥胖問題。

這兩款藥物的標價均超過每月1000美元,且可能需要終生服用,這一成本引發了國會和拜登政府的反彈。

對許多患者來說,健康保險的覆蓋至關重要,否則他們可能無法承擔這些費用。

覆蓋的組合對Novo和Lilly的利潤可能會產生影響。例如,醫療補助計劃能夠獲得藥品價格的一些最高折扣。

不過,研究顯示,醫療補助受益者的肥胖率較高,這給藥品製造商提供了更大的潛在銷售量,RTI國際的高級研究經濟學家Brian Bruen表示。

被誤解和未得到充分治療的肥胖問題

Wegovy和Zepbound屬於一類名為GLP-1受體激動劑的藥物,最初是為2型糖尿病開發的。這些新藥的需求前所未有,但美國人並不總能在藥店找到它們,或者面臨保險障礙。

許多私人保險計劃要求患者在獲得處方之前,必須先與營養師會面或參加幾個月的生活方式改變計劃。一些患者正尋求從在線的配方藥店獲得更便宜的Zepbound和Wegovy替代品。

Novo和Lilly正遊說擴大保險覆蓋,稱使用他們的藥物將為社會帶來節省,因為這可以緩解與超重相關的許多健康問題,例如心臟病、糖尿病和睡眠呼吸暫停。

Novo告訴路透社,估計約一半的美國成人肥胖患者擁有減肥藥物的覆蓋。

Lilly則表示,商業覆蓋在與路透社分享的數據中「可能被低估」,而且覆蓋空白仍然存在,因為肥胖仍然被廣泛誤解和未得到充分治療。

這一肥胖覆蓋數據庫包括約2.5億人,或近80%的美國所有投保人。該數據庫的數據來源包括州和聯邦的保險申報、雇主信息及其他公共數據。

它缺少近5300萬擁有私營雇主覆蓋的美國人和約1300萬與地方政府相關的數據。

十四個州的醫療補助計劃覆蓋肥胖的GLP-1藥物,包括加州、賓夕法尼亞州和北卡羅來納州,而十七個州則為其公務員及其家屬提供覆蓋。康涅狄格州、德拉瓦州、堪薩斯州、馬薩諸塞州和密歇根州則兩者皆有。

各州和聯邦政府共同承擔醫療補助計劃的成本。聯邦的醫療保險計劃為65歲及以上的群體覆蓋GLP-1藥物用於2型糖尿病和心血管疾病,但不單獨用於減肥。

「這真的取決於各州的決策,目前尚未形成模式,」Leverage的管理合夥人Christine Ferguson表示,她曾是羅德島健康保險市場的執行董事。「每個人都非常謹慎。」

這篇報導揭示了美國在減肥藥物覆蓋方面的顯著差異,尤其是在政府與私營部門之間的對比。這不僅突顯了社會對肥胖問題的不同認知,也反映出保險制度的複雜性。隨著肥胖問題的普遍性,如何平衡成本與醫療需求將成為未來政策制定者面臨的重要挑戰。同時,藥品的定價和可及性問題也需要引起關注,以確保所有需要幫助的人都能獲得適當的治療。

以上文章由特價GPT API根據網上資料所翻譯及撰寫,過程中沒有任何人類參與 🙂

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{
"intro": "Create an ultra realistic 8K UHD DSLR photo based on the attached image as a reference of facial features, maintaining 100% likeness.",

"subject": {
"identity": "A stylish beautiful woman portrayed as Cleopatra, the eternal Queen of Egypt, exuding power, seduction, and divine authority.",
"angle": "Full-body editorial portrait captured at a refined 3/4 angle, with both the subject and her throne positioned diagonally, rendered in ultra-crisp clarity with no blur.",
"pose": {
"body_position": "She is seated regally on a luxurious Egyptian throne angled slightly to the side, her torso and legs elegantly turned to match the diagonal composition, enhancing her curves and royal poise.",
"hands": "One arm rests gracefully along the angled armrest of the throne, while the other cradles a magnificent royal cat against her body.",
"expression": "She looks directly into the camera with a composed, intelligent, and seductive gaze—calm authority mixed with magnetic allure."
}
},

"appearance": {
"outfit": "An exceptionally bongga, sexy, and ultra-colorful Cleopatra couture gown designed as a high-fashion masterpiece. The gown features a sculpted corset bodice encrusted with multicolored gemstones—turquoise, lapis blue, emerald green, ruby red, amethyst violet, and molten gold—arranged in intricate Egyptian patterns. The fabric transitions into layered sheer silks in jewel tones that cascade dramatically, creating movement and depth. A daring thigh-high slit reveals her leg, while illusion panels and crystal embroidery contour her waist and hips. The gown shimmers with every hue, bold yet luxurious, sensual yet undeniably royal.",
"accessories": "A dramatic Egyptian crown with raised cobra centerpiece and iridescent gemstone inlays, oversized multi-layered gold collar necklace, engraved arm cuffs, crystal-encrusted finger rings, an ornate gold waist belt, anklets with delicate charms, and elegant flat Egyptian sandals.",
"hair": "Her hair is shoulder-length, sleek, and glossy with soft movement, modernized yet inspired by ancient Egyptian elegance, no bangs.",
"makeup": "High-impact, colorful Egyptian glam makeup—intensely elongated kohl eyeliner, bold eyeshadow blended in gold, turquoise, teal, emerald, and hints of violet, sculpted cheekbones with luminous gold highlight, flawless bronzed skin, defined brows, and rich nude-to-berry satin lips with a sensual glow."
},

"props": {
"animal": "A stunning, regal Egyptian cat of exceptional beauty, with sleek, glossy fur patterned in warm sand, charcoal, and soft gold tones. The cat has large almond-shaped eyes that glow amber-gold, finely sculpted features, and an elegant posture. It wears a delicate gold collar adorned with tiny gemstones and a miniature Bastet charm, symbolizing protection, divinity, and royal favor."
},

"background": {
"macro_environment": "A grand royal palace courtyard in ancient Egypt at golden hour, composed diagonally to echo the angled throne, with towering sandstone columns, carved relief walls, and distant pyramids beneath a richly colored desert sky.",
"midground_details": "Palm trees gently swaying, monumental statues of Bastet and other Egyptian deities, ceremonial fire torches, flowing silk banners in jewel tones, and distant palace attendants positioned subtly for scale.",
"micro_elements": "Ultra-sharp hieroglyph carvings, visible stone grain and chisel marks, fine desert sand particles, radiant gemstone reflections, metallic gold highlights, intricate embroidery threads, and realistic sun-cast shadows—every element sharply defined with zero blur."
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"lighting": {
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"effect": "Warm sunlight amplifies the vivid colors of the gown and gemstones while sculpted shadows define her face, body, throne, and the cat, creating a dramatic yet luxurious editorial mood."
},

"camera": {
"camera_type": "DSLR",
"resolution": "8K UHD",
"lens": "50mm prime lens",
"aperture": "f/8 for maximum sharpness across subject and background",
"iso": 100,
"shutter_speed": "1/200s",
"focus": "Extreme sharp focus from foreground to background, no bokeh, no blur"
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} Create a photorealistic movie-poster image for Zootopia 2. The scene shows a young Asian man and an oversized black shirt standing inside a crowded, dimly lit cinema. He’s flanked by Judy Hopps in full police uniform and Nick Wilde, both rendered in their official Disney CGI style. Capture the shot from a low angle so the characters feel larger than life. The cinema screen behind them is glowing with an intense action scene from the film. Let the light from the screen spill across their faces and clothing to create dramatic high contrast. The environment should feel alive with background silhouettes, soft haze, and the warm ambience of a packed theatre. Style the composition like an official Disney promotional poster: epic layout, sharp detail, high resolution, balanced framing, and clean edges. The man and the cinema should be fully photorealistic, while Judy and Nick retain their signature animated look.
At the bottom, include:
• The Disney logo
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• Subject: A stunning young woman with a classic Pin-Up aesthetic (think 1950s movie star).
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• Hair & Hat: Long, voluminous, deep brown hair styled in soft, glamorous waves/curls. She is wearing a very large, wide-brimmed straw hat that casts a soft shadow on her face.
• Attire: A chic, form-fitting black dress with white polka dots. The dress has an off-the-shoulder, sweetheart neckline bodice that cinches at the waist with a thin black belt. She is also wearing a black scarf with white polka dots tied around her neck like an ascot.
• Setting & Context: The background suggests a sunny, coastal location with a deep blue ocean/sea visible behind her. She is leaning seductively against the tan/brown, polished hood or door of a classic vintage convertible car.
• Style/Vibe: Vintage glamour, 1950s Hollywood, high-fashion editorial.

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