美國法院阻止特朗普藥品回贈試點計劃推行




美國法院裁定特朗普政府不得推行試點藥物回扣計劃

波士頓消息,美國聯邦上訴法院周三裁定,特朗普政府提出的一項計劃不得繼續推行。該計劃要求為低收入美國人服務的醫院,先全額支付10種昂貴藥物的費用,這些藥物是根據醫療保險(Medicare)藥品價格談判而定價,然後再等待回扣。這項計劃被認為是對長期以來安全網醫院所獲得的藥品預先折扣制度的急劇改變。

波士頓第一巡迴上訴法院拒絕了特朗普政府要求暫緩緬因州一名法官發出的禁令的請求。該禁令是應美國醫院協會及多家醫療服務機構的申請而發出,理由是新藥品定價措施將給醫院帶來數億美元的額外成本,迫使它們支付更高的藥品價格。

這10種藥物包括輝瑞(Pfizer)和百時美施貴寶(Bristol Myers Squibb)銷售的廣泛使用血液稀釋劑Eliquis;強生(Johnson & Johnson)的競爭藥物Xarelto;以及默克(Merck & Co)的糖尿病藥物Januvia。

根據2022年民主黨總統拜登推行的《降低通脹法案》(Inflation Reduction Act),美國衛生與公共服務部(HHS)有權與藥廠談判,確定醫療保險對某些高價藥物的最高支付價格。州政府的醫療補助計劃(Medicaid)則會獲得回扣,確保其支付的價格與醫療保險談判後的價格一致。

然而,該法案涉及的部分藥物已經納入聯邦340B藥品定價計劃,該計劃數十年來要求藥廠向安全網醫療機構提供預先折扣。衛生資源與服務管理局(HRSA)於去年七月宣布的340B回扣試點計劃,目的是幫助藥廠避免對醫院提供重複的價格優惠。

根據該試點計劃,藥廠可先向醫院收取藥品的批發價,稍後再發放回扣以反映最終折扣。美國醫院協會上月提起訴訟,指控該試點計劃違反《行政程序法》,未有充分考慮回扣模式對醫院的影響。

緬因州聯邦地區法官蘭斯·沃克(Lance Walker)支持該禁令,禁止該計劃於1月1日實施,理由是政府未充分評估取消多年來的預付折扣做法,對資源匱乏、服務貧困和偏遠地區社區的醫院將帶來重大影響。

評論與啟發

這次法院對特朗普政府藥品回扣試點計劃的阻擋,反映出美國醫療體系中不同利益方的複雜博弈。雖然《降低通脹法案》旨在通過談判降低藥品價格,減輕醫療保險和患者負擔,但實際執行層面卻面臨重重挑戰。

340B計劃長期以來支持安全網醫院獲得提前折扣,這對於服務低收入及偏遠地區患者的醫院至關重要。新計劃要求醫院先支付全價,再得回扣,無疑加重了醫院的現金流壓力,尤其是資源本已緊張的醫療機構。

這場官司和禁令提醒我們,政策設計必須兼顧理想與現實,尤其在涉及基層醫療服務和弱勢群體時更需謹慎。單靠藥價談判降低成本,不能忽略醫院運營的現實困境。政府應該在推動藥品價格改革的同時,提供相應資源和過渡安排,避免傷害基層醫療網絡的穩定性。

此外,這也暴露出美國醫療體系結構的複雜性,政策改革往往牽一髮而動全身。未來如何平衡藥廠、醫療機構與患者三方利益,創造更公平、可持續的藥品定價機制,將是美國醫療改革的重要課題。這對香港等地同樣具有借鑑意義,提醒我們在推行醫療政策時要全面考慮各方影響,避免因改革帶來意外的負面後果。

以上文章由GPT 所翻譯及撰寫。

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