美國擬加徵東南亞低價太陽能板關稅

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美國國際貿易委員會裁定東南亞太陽能板進口損害本土產業,推動對相關貨品徵收重稅

美國國際貿易委員會(ITC)於本週二裁定,來自馬來西亞、泰國、柬埔寨和越南的廉價太陽能板進口,對美國本土太陽能板製造商造成實質傷害或構成威脅。這項裁決令美國更接近對這些產品徵收高額關稅的目標。

ITC由三名委員組成,其中全體投下「贊成」票,代表商務部將依此發出反補貼及反傾銷關稅的執行指令,針對上月剛剛確立的對東南亞太陽能產品的關稅措施進行實施。

此案由韓國Hanwha Qcells、亞利桑那州的First Solar公司以及其他數家較小的美國製造商於去年提出,控訴中國企業透過東南亞工廠傾銷不公平低價產品,擾亂市場。自此,美國總統特朗普推行廣泛的關稅政策,旨在保護本土製造業。

根據規定,商務部只有在ITC認定本土產業因外國競爭者獲得不公平補貼或傾銷行為而受到損害或威脅時,才可實施關稅。

ITC的裁決結果僅以簡短公告形式公布於其官網,未即時透露各委員的具體投票情況。

美國太陽能製造商代表、美國太陽能製造貿易委員會律師團隊領頭人Tim Brightbill強調:「今次投票明確表明,這些中國總部企業透過第三方市場持續以不公平低價及補貼方式傾銷太陽能板,嚴重破壞美國產業策略,阻礙本土投資。」

他續指:「這情況不能繼續,我們日益壯大的美國太陽能產業理應獲得公平競爭的機會,且現在終於有了這個機會。」

目前美國市場上絕大部分太陽能板均由亞洲進口。2022年,美國總統拜登推動的《通脹削減法案》提供清潔能源製造的稅務優惠,促使超過100家太陽能工廠宣布設立或擴建,推動本土產業成長。

不過,美國最大太陽能產業組織——太陽能產業協會(SEIA)則認為,新增關稅將提高太陽能板成本,反而損害國內生產商利益。

SEIA主席Abigail Ross Hopper表示:「ITC的最終認定令人擔憂,因為額外的關稅將抬高美國企業購買太陽能產品的成本,對於建設項目及擴大國內製造規模造成阻礙。」

評論與分析

這宗案件反映了美國在全球供應鏈重塑下,試圖透過關稅保護本土產業的典型案例。美國政府透過ITC的裁決,正式承認來自東南亞的太陽能板進口對國內產業造成實質威脅,這不僅是貿易保護主義的延伸,也是為了配合國內清潔能源產業政策而做出的戰略選擇。

然而,這場貿易戰的雙刃劍效應不容忽視。一方面,對美國太陽能製造商而言,減少海外廉價競爭有助於提升國內投資意願和市場份額。另一方面,太陽能板作為清潔能源推廣的基礎設備,成本上升將直接影響整體能源轉型的速度和規模,可能使消費者和相關項目承擔更高費用,甚至削弱美國在全球綠色能源市場的競爭力。

此外,東南亞國家成為中國太陽能產業轉移產能的新基地,顯示全球產業鏈的多元化趨勢。美國若僅對部分國家產品徵稅,可能無法徹底遏制不公平競爭,反而推動企業尋找其他低成本生產地,形成「貿易繞道」效應。

綜合來看,美國這次裁決既是對國內產業的短期保護,也提醒全球清潔能源供應鏈的複雜性和脆弱性。未來,如何在促進本土產業發展與保持成本效益之間取得平衡,將是美國政策制定者和產業界必須面對的挑戰。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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