美國大銀行壓力測試輕鬆過關 股息有望大增




美國大型銀行料通過聯儲壓力測試 增派股息回饋股東

紐約消息──分析師預期,美國最大銀行今年將順利通過聯邦儲備局(Fed)年度健康檢查,顯示它們擁有充裕資本,有能力提高股息派發。

聯儲局周五公布的所謂「壓力測試」結果,決定銀行需持有多少現金以應對嚴重經濟衰退。今年因測試方法較去年寬鬆,銀行表現料會更佳,能通過增加股息及回購股份,向投資者回饋更多資金。

這項自2007至2009年金融危機後設立的年度檢測,對22家大型銀行的資本規劃至關重要,同時用作決定可分派多少股息給股東。

摩根大通分析師Vivek Juneja表示:「監管態度改善,市場期望資本要求能有所減少,主要因壓力測試不再那麼嚴苛。」他預計銀行股息平均增長約3%,同時加大股份回購力度。

貸款增長乏力及有利監管環境,令銀行在資本管理及提高股息方面更靈活。但Raymond James分析師提醒,銀行短期內仍會保持謹慎,因關稅、經濟不確定性及監管改革的時間和規模仍未明朗。

今年壓力測試情景亦較去年寬鬆。Jefferies分析師指出,測試假設包括美國實際GDP跌幅較小、失業率上升幅度有限、短長期利率下跌較輕微,以及房市和股市跌幅減少。

更利好的是,預期未來壓力測試會更容易應付。今年4月,聯儲局啟動全面改革測試程序,未來將透過成績平均化減少波動,並讓銀行更清楚了解評分標準。

摩根士丹利分析師Betsy Graseck認為,這是重大利好,有助銀行與監管機構在內部及聯儲局測試方法上達致更好共識,減少結果的不透明性。她透露相關變革最快今年展開。

華爾街投行的壓力資本緩衝(即聯儲要求銀行持有的額外資本)亦有望獲得放寬。Jefferies分析師表示,高盛及摩根士丹利去年緩衝資本被提高,今年有望改善。

相反,Keefe, Bruyette & Woods分析師指出,花旗銀行及M&T銀行的資本要求可能會略有上調。

整體而言,分析師預料美國大型銀行在特朗普第二任期內,監管環境將較寬鬆。Raymond James分析師說:「特朗普2.0時代的壓力測試,壓力料會減輕。」

評論與啟示

今次聯儲局壓力測試放寬,反映了監管機構在經濟復甦階段,願意給予銀行更多操作彈性,鼓勵資本回流股東,增強市場信心。這對投資者來說,是一個利好訊號,尤其是追求穩定股息收益的長線持有者。

但同時,銀行管理層的謹慎態度也值得留意。全球經濟仍面臨多重不確定性,包括貿易摩擦、通脹壓力及監管政策變動,這些因素都可能限制銀行過度冒險。銀行在增加股息與回購的同時,仍需保持充足資本以應對潛在風險。

此外,聯儲局改革壓力測試程序,增加透明度和一致性,有助降低銀行資本管理的複雜度,並提升監管與市場之間的信任。這不僅有助銀行更有效分配資本,也有助投資者更清晰評估銀行的財務健康狀況。

在香港及亞洲市場,雖然監管環境不同,但美國大型銀行的資本策略和監管趨勢,仍為本地銀行及投資者提供重要參考。隨著全球金融市場愈趨互聯及監管趨同,投資者應密切留意國際銀行業的監管動態,調整資產配置策略。

總括來說,壓力測試的放寬與銀行資本策略調整,標誌著金融市場進入一個相對穩健但仍需謹慎應對風險的新階段。投資者應在享受股息回報的同時,亦要留意宏觀經濟與監管變化帶來的潛在挑戰。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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