美國停用含汞流感疫苗新政策解讀

美國停止分發含有汞基防腐劑硫柳汞的流感疫苗

美國衛生部長羅伯特·F·肯尼迪(Robert F. Kennedy Jr.)最近再度推動疫苗政策改革,宣布將停止分發所有含有汞基防腐劑硫柳汞(thimerosal)的流感疫苗。

上月,由肯尼迪親自挑選成員組成的疫苗委員會投票通過,建議美國民眾接種不含硫柳汞的季節性流感疫苗。儘管過去數十年來的研究均未發現硫柳汞存在安全問題,但該委員會仍堅持這一立場。

根據數據顯示,上季在美國施打的流感疫苗中約有5%是多劑瓶裝,含有硫柳汞這種防腐劑,而這種成分早在數十年前已逐步被淘汰。

反疫苗團體長期將硫柳汞與自閉症及其他神經發展障礙聯繫起來。肯尼迪在2014年出版的書中,更推動「立即從疫苗中移除汞元素」。

美國食品藥品監督管理局(FDA)官網則明確指出,「沒有證據顯示疫苗中的硫柳汞對人體有害」,且先前移除硫柳汞的決定主要是出於預防措施,減少嬰幼兒接觸總汞量。

委員會中有一位成員反對該建議,他指出因為疫苗含硫柳汞而不接種流感疫苗的風險,遠高於硫柳汞本身可能帶來的已知風險。

根據FDA網站資料,CSL旗下的Afluria,以及Flucelvax和賽諾菲(Sanofi)的Fluzone,在多劑瓶版本中仍含有硫柳汞。

衛生與公共服務部(HHS)表示,肯尼迪已接受委員會的建議並推動執行,儘管疾病控制與預防中心(CDC)主任尚未簽署批准,而CDC主任的提名人蘇珊·莫納雷茲(Susan Monarez)仍待美國參議院確認。

HHS同時指出,該疫苗委員會在六月會議上提出的其他建議,仍在審核中。

疫苗製造商確認,他們有能力替換含硫柳汞的多劑瓶疫苗,確保疫苗供應不會中斷。賽諾菲表示已知悉新政策,並確保本季流感疫苗供應充足。CSL則未立即回應路透社的置評請求。

編者評論:疫苗安全與政策調整的兩難

這次美國停止分發含硫柳汞流感疫苗的決定,背後反映的不僅是科學數據的角力,更是政治與社會輿論的交織。儘管FDA和眾多科學研究均證實硫柳汞的安全性,反疫苗團體多年來的恐慌與指控卻深植民心,迫使政策制定者在科學與民意間尋找平衡。

肯尼迪作為衛生部長,推動這項政策明顯帶有個人立場色彩,這不免引起專業界的質疑。疫苗是公共衛生的基石,任何政策變動都需建立在堅實的科學證據上,否則可能導致疫苗接種率下降,反而增加流感等疾病的風險。

另一方面,疫苗製造商的快速調整能力展現了產業的彈性和對政策變化的適應力,這有助於減少政策轉變對疫苗供應鏈的衝擊。

未來,疫苗政策應更加透明與科學化,政府和科學機構需加強與公眾的溝通,澄清誤解,避免因恐慌而影響公共健康。這起事件提醒我們,公共衛生決策絕不能忽視社會心理因素,唯有兼顧科學與民意,才能推動真正有效且被廣泛接受的健康政策。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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Prompt:
Use my image in Ultra-realistic, hyper-detailed, 8K cinematic portrait of a young stylish man, using the uploaded image for exact face and hairstyle.
Outfit: An oversized red knit sweater with white hearts, exactly as described in the prompt.
Pose: A hyper-realistic close-up portrait with a messy, cropped framing showing only the boy holding the book. His left hand rests on the wooden table and covers part of his cheek, with a subtle smile on his lips. His other hand holds the book titled "Something I Never Told You" with the word "YOU" written in pink, exactly as
described in the prompt. Background: Not specified. Generate an ultra-realistic, highly ultra-detailed, 8k resolution with 1080x1080 pixel portrait of me using the uploaded image for reference (preserved the likeness and the original face for reference) of a cinematic studio portrait of a woman seated on a simple wooden chair with a minimalist design, positioned slightly to the left of the frame. She is captured in a contemplative pose, with her body turned to the left, her left arm resting gracefully on the back of the chair, and her right hand gently touching her face near her lips, conveying a sense of introspection and elegance. Her long, wavy hair cascades naturally over her shoulders, framing her face and adding softness to the composition. She wears an oversized, textured knit sweater that slips off her shoulders, exposing her collarbones and upper chest, emphasizing a relaxed and intimate mood. Her legs are bare, with her right foot flat on the ground and her left knee slightly raised, creating a dynamic line that guides the viewer’s eye through the composition. *** The background is a seamless, deep charcoal or dark brown studio backdrop, providing a rich, neutral setting that enhances the dramatic lighting. The lighting setup features a single, soft yet directional light source positioned to the left of the subject, casting gentle, sculptural shadows that highlight the contours of her face, shoulders, and arms, while creating a subtle gradient across her form. The light accentuates the texture of her sweater and the natural shine of her hair, adding depth and dimension to the image. The color palette is monochromatic with warm, muted tones—shades of gray, brown, and beige—contributing to a timeless, artistic aesthetic. The image is shot with a professional full-frame camera using an 85mm or 50mm lens at a wide aperture (f/1.8 to f/2.😎 to achieve a shallow depth of field, ensuring the subject is in sharp focus while the background remains softly blurred. The resolution is ultra-high, capturing every detail from the fine texture of her sweater to the subtle expression of her pose. The overall style is elegant, contemplative, and refined, emphasizing mood and atmosphere over overt glamour. Post-processing is minimal, maintaining natural skin tones, enhancing contrast and clarity, and preserving the authenticity of the scene. This portrait embodies a delicate balance between simplicity and emotional depth, making it suitable for fine art, editorial, or fashion photography. Ultra-realistic cinematic photograph, 9:16 vertical.
Use my uploaded female subject as the ONLY face reference — her face, bone structure, proportions, and identity must remain 100% accurate. She is sitting low and relaxed on a worn vintage couch inside a messy 90s-era bedroom, dripping with grunge attitude and self-confidence. The entire room tells a story of obsession — the walls are completely covered in posters, photos, magazine clippings, and polaroids of HER, all different versions of her: glam looks, grungy looks, party looks, soft looks, edgy looks, all chaotic and layered, taped and pinned unevenly like a shrine to herself. Wardrobe: She wears an oversized, slouchy dark hoodie left open, revealing a white tube top underneath. The outfit is provocative but raw — lots of exposed skin at the waist, collarbones, shoulders, and legs. The vibe is unapologetically sexy, rebellious, and confident. Bare legs or very short bottoms, worn sneakers or socks, very lived-in 90s styling.
Hair & makeup: Hair is messy, slightly undone, effortlessly sexy. Makeup is grungy-glam — smoky eyes, dark liner, slightly smudged, natural but seductive skin texture. No over-polish.
Pose & expression:
She sits back into the couch with dominant, careless confidence — legs apart or casually stretched, shoulders relaxed. Her expression is sultry, knowing, and powerful, like she’s fully aware the entire room revolves around her. She looks down toward the camera, owning the frame.
Camera & composition:
The camera is placed very low on the floor, angled sharply upward toward her, creating dramatic depth perception. Her legs and body feel larger in the foreground, her face looming above, while the poster-covered walls stretch upward behind her, creating a warped, immersive perspective. Slight wide-angle distortion for intensity. Lighting: Moody, low-light bedroom lighting — a mix of cool blue tones and dirty warm highlights. Neon or lamp glow spills across the posters. Shadows fall unevenly across the room, adding grit and texture. Film grain, subtle motion blur energy, raw 90s music-video atmosphere. Overall vibe: Sexy, grungy, chaotic, self-obsessed