美元強勢如何影響歐洲股市?




美元強勢對歐洲股市的影響

隨著美元飆升至歷史高位,這對歐洲股市產生了顯著影響。自去年九月以來,美元貿易加權指數上升了7%,令歐元兌美元匯率接近平價。這種美元的強勁表現使得歐洲股市自去年12月底以來相對於全球股市的表現超出3%。

在各行業中,自九月以來,軟件行業(ETR:SOWGn)表現最佳,超過大盤15%,這一增長幅度明顯高於其與美元相關的預期。相對而言,製藥行業由於有40%的美國銷售依賴,表現不如歷史上對美元的敏感度,這可能是由於特定公司的負面消息影響所致。

通常與美元強勢呈負相關的資本品行業,卻也出乎意料地表現亮眼。根據美國銀行(BofA)的分析,該行業自九月以來的表現超過了由美元強勢所推導出的預期,這得益於防務股在預期歐洲防務開支增加的情況下超過10%的增長。

一般來說,美元強勢會導致全球宏觀經濟驚訝指標出現負面變化,這通常會有約兩個月的延遲。這是因為美元強勢所帶來的緊縮金融條件開始影響宏觀經濟指標。報告指出:“全球宏觀經濟驚訝指標最近再次轉為負面,近期美元強勢的信號暗示未來幾周內將進一步惡化。”

儘管對歐洲股市整體持負面看法,美國銀行仍然在全球股市中對歐洲持有戰術性超配。他們預測Stoxx 600指數將面臨下行風險,預計到2025年第二季度將下降9%至470點,但若歐元區的PMI數據有所改善,則可能支持相對的超出表現。

防守性行業如食品和飲料,以及製藥行業,被視為關鍵的超配領域。美國銀行指出,這兩個行業在風險溢價持續壓縮至幾十年來的低點後表現不佳,但隨著風險溢價開始擴大,預計將受益。

與此同時,銀行和資本品行業在美國銀行的評估中被列為關鍵的周期性低配,原因是可能面臨由於全球宏觀經濟驚訝減少而引起的債券收益率回落的壓力。此外,分析師預計,較低的債券收益率將為房地產行業提供約20%的超額收益,而歐洲價值股預計將比成長股下降12%。

半導體行業仍然被視為超配,因為美國銀行預計該行業將進一步從去年相對於全球增長趨勢的表現中反彈。奢侈品行業同樣被列為超配,但自去年11月以來上漲了15%後,預計進一步的價格增長將會有限。

這篇報告揭示了美元強勢對歐洲股市的複雜影響,尤其是行業間的相互作用與預期之間的差異。值得注意的是,雖然某些行業如防務和半導體表現良好,但其他行業如製藥卻受到特定消息的拖累,這反映出市場的多元化和不確定性。在當前的經濟環境中,投資者需謹慎考量行業動態與宏觀經濟指標的變化,尋找潛在的投資機會及風險。

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