紐約禁平民武器化機械人!警隊例外?科技倫理再掀爭議!

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紐約法律將禁止平民武裝機械人

紐約的立法者提出了一項新法案,將禁止將武器安裝在機械人或無人機上。當然,這項禁令不包括那些由執法機構或軍事部門操作的武裝機械。如果這項法案通過,負責任的機械人法案將使紐約成為第一個禁止平民使用武裝機械人的州,正值政府在自主和半自主警務技術上的支出上升之時。

這項法案具體禁止銷售、轉讓、修改、操作或裝備機械人或無人機以安裝武器。禁止的武器包括火器、電擊槍、化學劑、激光和爆炸物。這些限制將適用於遠程控制的機械以及依賴傳感器和人工智能自主運作的機械。該立法還禁止平民使用機械人對人進行身體約束。違者可能面臨25,000至100,000美元的罰款。

紐約官員在本週早些時候的新聞發布會上討論了這項提議。波士頓動力公司的四足機械人Spot在官員講話期間在場上走動。立法者表示,這項法案部分受到社交媒體上顯示配備火焰噴射器和其他武器的機械人和無人機的公眾反彈所啟發。

“將武器安裝在遠程或自主操作的機械人或無人機上,並且這些機械人或無人機廣泛可供公眾使用,能夠在人們生活和工作的地方進行導航,帶來了新的傷害風險和嚴重的倫理問題,”該法案的作者寫道。“這類武裝機械人的發展和使用也將損害公眾對這項技術的信任,從而影響它為社會帶來的巨大益處。”

警察和承包商可獲豁免

這些新限制顯然不適用於與美國國防部或某些地方執法機構合作的“國防工業公司”,儘管後者仍需在部署這些機械人時進行披露。政府官員也被允許在他們認為人類生命面臨迫在眉睫的威脅時,使用武裝機械人進行爆炸物處理或“破壞財產”。執法機構在任何需要獲得搜查令的情況下仍需獲得搜查令才能部署武裝機械人。理論上,這應該能防止武裝機械人進入住宅或公寓而無合理根據。

波士頓動力公司的發言人告訴《流行科學》,該公司支持這項立法,並認為其Spot機械人的最佳用途是“讓人們遠離危險並幫助解決危險情況。”該公司還表示,所有客戶都必須遵守其銷售條款和條件,這些條款和條件“禁止對機械人進行任何武裝嘗試。”

“總的來說,我們鼓勵所有使用這款機械人的警察部門與他們的社區保持清晰和透明,明確列出機械人使用的具體情況,我們強烈建議部門在其網站上公開發布詳細的部署政策和程序,”該發言人表示。

持續增長的監控技術壓力

監控技術監督項目(STOP)的執行董事阿爾伯特·福克斯·卡恩告訴《流行科學》,雖然他認為這項立法是“一個重要步驟”,但他相信還需要做更多工作來對抗警察日益增長的“機械人監控”使用。STOP定期發布報告和聲明,批評執法機構擴大監控做法的行為。

“將無人機武器從戰場轉移到我們的後院的增長壓力令人恐懼,我們需要明確表示將這些越來越普遍的設備轉變為致命的法律武器是非法的,”福克斯·卡恩說。

去年在馬薩諸塞州推進的類似立法也旨在禁止武裝機械人,但對國防承包商和執法爆炸物處理小組有例外。然而幾個州試圖走得更遠。一項在蒙大拿州提出的法案將禁止包括地方警察在內的任何人為機械人安裝槍支、劍或其他武器。另一項在羅德島的法案旨在防止執法機構獲得無論是否武裝的機械狗和無人機。這些法案均未通過。

警察部門加大對機械人支出的投資

這項法案是在紐約執法部門加大對機械人和其他警務技術支出之際提出的。2023年,紐約警察局與波士頓動力簽訂了一份新合同,價值約75萬美元,將其Spot機械狗帶回城市。這是在該部門早前與Spot簽訂的9.4萬美元合同因引發反彈而提前終止之後。自那時以來,紐約警察局多次部署小型空中無人機,以監視報告中的槍擊和搶劫現場,並在大型公共集會上監測是否出現干擾。警方曾短暫展示過一款名為Knightscope的“K5”移動監控機械人以監控地鐵,但在受到批評後終止了該計劃,其中一些倡導者稱其為“輪子上的垃圾桶”。紐約警察局據報導還在小型兩輪“投擲機”上花費了22.2萬美元,這些機械人可以被發送到危險區域進行偵察。

紐約並不是唯一一個在加大機械人支出方面的城市。洛杉磯、芝加哥、休斯頓、檀香山等許多城市的警察部門在近年來都增加了對機械人的支出。早在2016年,達拉斯警方首次歷史性地使用一款綁有爆炸物的機械人殺死一名嫌疑槍手。最近,舊金山和奧克蘭的立法者考慮使用武裝機械人進行打擊。奧克蘭的市官員甚至討論過將霰彈槍裝在四輪機械人上。雖然它們的未來仍不確定,但武裝機械人很可能會持續存在。

在這篇文章中,我們看到科技在現代執法中的角色越來越重要,然而隨之而來的倫理問題和社會擔憂也不容忽視。立法者的這項舉措反映了對於科技武器化的擔憂,特別是在公共安全和隱私之間的微妙平衡。隨著機械人技術的進步,社會必須對其潛在的濫用保持警惕,同時也應該促進透明度和負責任的使用。面對這樣的局面,市民和立法者之間的對話顯得尤為重要,只有這樣才能確保科技真正服務於人類的福祉,而不是成為控制的工具。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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{
"intro": "Create an ultra realistic 8K UHD DSLR photo based on the attached image as a reference of facial features, maintaining 100% likeness.",

"subject": {
"identity": "A stylish beautiful woman portrayed as Cleopatra, the eternal Queen of Egypt, radiating supreme authority, elegance, and divine power.",
"angle": "Full-body editorial portrait captured at a cinematic 3/4 angle, both Cleopatra and the horse positioned diagonally, rendered in ultra-crisp clarity with no blur.",
"pose": {
"body_position": "She is riding a majestic white horse, seated confidently with impeccable royal posture, her torso slightly turned to a 3/4 angle to emphasize grace and dominance.",
"hands": "One hand gently holds the gold-accented reins, while the other rests elegantly near her waist, displaying ornate jewelry.",
"expression": "She looks directly at the camera with a calm, commanding, and seductive gaze—the unmistakable presence of a queen born to rule."
}
},

"appearance": {
"outfit": "An opulent, ultra-bongga Cleopatra couture gown in pristine white and radiant gold. The gown features a sculpted corset bodice richly embroidered with gold hieroglyphic motifs, sun-disk patterns, and crystal beadwork. Flowing white silk, chiffon, and sheer organza panels cascade dramatically from the waist and shoulders, creating powerful movement as she rides. A daring thigh-high slit reveals her leg, balancing sensuality with imperial elegance. Every seam is traced with gold-thread embroidery for a luminous, goddess-like silhouette.",
"accessories": "She wears the exact Cleopatra headpiece from the attached reference image: a regal black-and-gold striped nemes-style headdress with a polished gold cobra (uraeus) centerpiece at the forehead, structured side panels, and intricate gold detailing. Paired with a wide Egyptian collar necklace with turquoise accents, engraved gold arm cuffs, crystal finger rings, an ornate gold waist belt, delicate anklets, and elegant flat Egyptian sandals.",
"hair": "Her hair is fully concealed beneath the nemes headpiece as shown in the reference image, ensuring perfect historical accuracy and symmetry.",
"makeup": "Ultra-bold, highly colorful Egyptian eye makeup with ceremonial ink artistry. Her eyes feature sharp elongated black kohl eyeliner extended dramatically past the outer corners, layered with vivid turquoise, teal, emerald green, sapphire blue, violet, and metallic gold pigments blended in high-fashion gradients. Beneath each eye, intricate hand-drawn ink designs inspired by ancient Egyptian symbolism are visible—fine black and gold lines, dots, and sacred motifs echoing hieroglyphs and protective markings, following the natural curve of the lower eye and cheekbone. Her complexion is flawless and softly bronzed with luminous highlights, brows are sculpted and powerful, cheeks carry a subtle coral-rose flush, and lips are finished in a refined nude-rose satin tone to balance the intense, artistic eye look."
},

"props": {
"animal": "A powerful, majestic white horse with a flowing ivory mane, sculpted muscles, and intelligent dark eyes. The horse wears elegant white-and-gold tack engraved with Egyptian motifs, symbolizing royal conquest, divine favor, and sovereignty."
},

"background": {
"macro_environment": "A vast open desert landscape near the Egyptian palace and pyramids at golden hour, stretching endlessly beneath a dramatic sky glowing with gold, amber, and soft ivory tones.",
"midground_details": "Distant pyramids rising from the sand, monumental stone statues, ceremonial banners moving in the wind, and faint silhouettes of royal guards and attendants placed far behind for scale.",
"micro_elements": "Fine desert sand lifted by the horse’s movement, sharply defined gold engravings on the reins, visible embroidery threads on the gown, subtle translucency of sheer fabrics, radiant light reflections on gold surfaces, and crisp, realistic shadows—everything rendered with extreme clarity and zero blur."
},

"lighting": {
"type": "Cinematic natural golden-hour lighting with soft reflective highlights.",
"effect": "Warm sunlight intensifies the white-and-gold palette, ignites the vibrant eye makeup colors and ink details, and illuminates the horse’s coat, creating a radiant, divine, editorial glow."
},

"camera": {
"camera_type": "DSLR",
"resolution": "8K UHD",
"lens": "50mm prime lens",
"aperture": "f/8 for maximum sharpness across subject and background",
"iso": 100,
"shutter_speed": "1/250s to freeze motion while maintaining realism",
"focus": "Extreme sharp focus from foreground to background, no bokeh, no blur"
},

"style": "High-fashion editorial, cinematic realism, divine Egyptian royalty, white-and-gold couture contrasted with vibrant ceremonial eye art, powerful, sensual, ultra-detailed, sharp, majestic"
} add lotso and hamm Create a hyper-realistic 8K close-up body portrait of a male model, using the uploaded photo as the exact facial reference. Maintain 100% accuracy of the facial features — do not alter or modify any aspect of the face. Render the skin texture, lighting, and overall composition with photo-realistic detail, ensuring lifelike color tones and natural depth of field. A man with his original hairstyle, he is standing confidently, hands in his pockets, looking directly at the camera. He is wearing a simple, light beige crew-neck sweater and dark trousers.
He is positioned between two decorated Christmas trees. The tree to his left is adorned with gold and white ornaments and warm lights, with wrapped red and gold gifts visible at its base. The tree to his right is decorated with red and gold ornaments. The background shows a warm, indoor setting, likely a home, with soft lighting, creating a festive and inviting atmosphere. The overall impression is one of relaxed holiday cheer.
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