紐約檢察官追查Instacart價格測試真相




紐約總檢察長要求Instacart交出價格測試資料

紐約總檢察長Letitia James於周四要求網上雜貨及零售配送平台Instacart提供有關其價格測試的資料,指控該公司可能違反州法律,未有如實披露在定價過程中使用消費者資訊的情況。

事件源於消費者報告(Consumer Reports)及其他非牟利組織在美國四個城市進行的研究,揭露Instacart對相同雜貨商品向不同顧客顯示不同價格,導致相同購物清單在同一間店鋪的平均價格相差約7%。

Instacart於去年12月表示已停止包括利用Eversight人工智能定價工具在內的價格實驗,強調這些測試是隨機進行,並非基於個人資料或特徵。儘管如此,該公司在部分店鋪頁面添加了紐約州規定的免責聲明,指明價格是「由算法根據你的個人資料設定」,並說明「某些價格及/或費用可能因隨機測試而異,我們會使用個人資訊(如送貨地址)計算費用,並提供某些個人化優惠」。

James批評這些免責聲明可能未達到紐約法律所要求的明確度,並表示:「Instacart的價格實驗引發了其算法定價使用的嚴重疑慮,我不會猶豫採取行動執法,以保護消費者權益。」

她同時要求該公司交出與零售商及品牌的定價協議,並解釋如何選擇參與價格實驗的顧客。

評論與分析

Instacart這次被紐約總檢察長盯上,凸顯了現代電子商務平台在利用大數據和算法定價上的法律與道德挑戰。雖然算法定價能提升商業效率和盈利能力,但當價格因用戶資料而異,消費者便面臨透明度不足和公平性受損的風險。紐約州法律要求明確披露使用個人資料定價,正是為了防止企業在價格策略上暗箱操作,損害消費者利益。

Instacart稱其價格實驗是隨機且非基於個人特徵,但研究卻發現不同用戶面對相同商品價格有顯著差異,令人質疑該隨機性是否真實或公平。加上免責聲明措辭可能含糊,消費者難以明白自身是否被納入價格實驗,這種資訊不對稱容易引發信任危機。

這起事件提醒我們,科技企業在追求創新和效率的同時,必須嚴格遵守法律規範,並對用戶保持高度透明,才能維護消費者權益及品牌聲譽。未來,隨著人工智能和大數據應用日益普及,監管機構如何制定更具針對性和前瞻性的規範,將成為保障消費者公平交易的重要課題。

此外,這亦反映出消費者在數碼時代如何更積極地監察及質疑企業行為,推動市場向更公平、透明方向發展。Instacart若未能妥善回應監管要求,可能面臨法律制裁及聲譽損害,對其在競爭激烈的電商市場中生存極為不利。對香港市場來說,這亦是一個值得借鏡的案例,提醒本地電商平台在運用個人資料及定價策略時,必須嚴格合規,保障消費者知情權與公平交易。

以上文章由GPT 所翻譯及撰寫。

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