紐約時報狙擊Perplexity AI侵犯版權風波




紐約時報控告Perplexity AI非法抄襲內容

紐約時報(New York Times)於本週五向人工智能初創公司Perplexity AI提起訴訟,指控該公司未經授權複製、散布及展示數百萬篇紐約時報的文章,用以支援其生成式人工智能產品。Perplexity AI正積極搶佔競爭激烈的生成式AI市場,但亦因此招致多家出版商的法律挑戰。

紐約時報同時指控Perplexity AI的生成式AI產品製造虛假內容(俗稱「幻覺」),並錯誤地將這些內容與報社的註冊商標並列展示,誤導用戶以為是紐約時報的真實報導。報社強調,Perplexity的商業模式仰賴擷取及複製內容,包括付費牆後的資料。

紐約時報發言人Graham James表示:「我們支持人工智能的倫理和負責任發展,但堅決反對Perplexity未經許可使用我們的內容來開發和推廣他們的產品。」紐約時報現正尋求賠償、禁制令及其他公平救濟,以阻止Perplexity繼續未經授權使用其內容。

Perplexity AI本週四亦被芝加哥論壇報(Chicago Tribune)起訴,對此尚未有回應。該公司早前曾對路透社表示,他們並非透過擷取數據建構基礎模型,而是對網頁進行索引並提供事實引用。

這場訴訟於紐約南區聯邦地方法院提出,距離紐約時報曾發出停止侵權通知已逾一年。這亦是出版商與科技公司間圍繞未經授權使用版權內容的激烈爭鬥的最新戰役。

早前十月,社交媒體平台Reddit亦在紐約聯邦法院起訴Perplexity及其他三家公司,指控非法擷取其數據。總部位於舊金山、估值約200億美元的Perplexity,同時面對大英百科全書、媒體大亨魯珀特·默多克的Dow Jones及紐約郵報的訴訟。

紐約時報曾允許亞馬遜(Amazon.com)使用其編輯內容於AI產品如Alexa,但與開發ChatGPT的OpenAI仍存在糾紛。去年路透社報導多間AI公司繞過出版商用以阻止內容擷取的網絡標準,直接擷取數據用於生成式AI系統。

訴訟消息公布後,紐約時報股價早盤上升約1.5%。

評論與分析

紐約時報起訴Perplexity AI,揭示出生成式人工智能與傳統版權保護之間的尖銳矛盾。AI技術的迅速發展,為資訊獲取帶來革命性的便利,但同時也挑戰了現行的版權法律框架。Perplexity這類AI初創公司,依賴大規模擷取網絡內容來訓練和提供服務,卻未必充分尊重原創內容的版權,這不僅損害了內容創作者的利益,也觸發了法律與道德的雙重爭論。

生成式AI產品中出現的「幻覺」問題更是令人擔憂,因為這些虛假資訊若被誤認為權威新聞,可能對公眾造成誤導,進一步動搖媒體的公信力。紐約時報強調Perplexity將虛假內容與其商標並列,這種做法不僅侵犯版權,更涉及品牌誹謗和消費者欺詐。

這場官司也是出版業與科技巨頭之間持續爭鬥的縮影。儘管亞馬遜獲得紐約時報授權使用內容,Perplexity與OpenAI等新興AI公司卻陷入法律灰區,顯示出業界需要更清晰的規範來平衡創新與版權保護。

從香港的角度看,隨著本地媒體和新聞機構也逐步面對AI技術的挑戰,如何在促進科技發展與保障知識產權之間找到平衡,將成為未來的重要課題。媒體機構應積極探索與AI企業合作的合法模式,同時政府和監管機構亦應加強立法,明確界定AI內容使用的範圍和責任,保障新聞業的健康發展及公眾的資訊權益。

總括而言,這宗訴訟不僅是一起版權侵權案件,更是生成式AI時代下,媒體生態與法律制度如何共同演進的關鍵試金石。未來的AI發展必須在尊重創作者權益和保障資訊真確性上,找到穩固而持續的平衡點。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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