簡單尿道炎:一線抗生素療效勝氟喹諾酮、β-內醯胺類藥物

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目前的抗生素指導方針對無併發症尿路感染的管理是否仍然有效?

編輯:Lora McGlade
日期:2025年2月3日

要點:
對於無併發症的尿路感染(UTI),一線抗生素的有效性仍然高於氟喹諾酮和β-內酰胺類藥物,30天內再次就診的風險比氟喹諾酮低1.78%,比β-內酰胺類藥物低6.40%。

研究方法:
這項回顧性隊列分析涵蓋了2012年至2021年期間在費城的獨立藍十字保險數據中,49,037名女性患者中的57,585例尿路感染(平均年齡51.7±20.1歲)。參與者在35,018例(61%)中接受了一線抗生素(硝呋太爾或甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲噁唑),在21,140例(37%)中接受了氟喹諾酮(環丙沙星、左氧氟沙星或奧氟沙星),在1,427例(2%)中接受了β-內酰胺類藥物(阿莫西林-克拉維酸、頭孢呋辛或頭孢噁啶)。主要結果測量包括治療失敗,定義為30天內因UTI、腎盂腎炎或敗血症而的門診或住院再次就診,而次要結果則評估了腸胃症狀、皮疹、腎損傷和艱難梭狀芽胞桿菌感染的風險。分析採用了機器學習方法,並運用專家提供的特徵和觀察醫療結果合作夥伴的公共數據模型以調整混雜因素。

結論:
與氟喹諾酮相比,一線抗生素在30天內再次就診的絕對風險差(ARD)為−1.78%(95% CI,−2.37%至−1.06%)。與β-內酰胺類抗生素相比,一線治療顯示出−6.40%的ARD(95% CI,−10.14%至−3.24%)。不良事件在治療組之間相當,儘管一線抗生素在腹瀉(ARD,−0.15%;95% CI,−0.27%至0.00%)和急性腎損傷(ARD,−0.35%;95% CI,−0.52%至−0.18%)的風險稍低於氟喹諾酮。當使用專家提供的特徵和自動提取的觀察醫療結果合作夥伴特徵時,結果保持一致。

臨床應用:
“使用一個大型的當代臨床數據集,我們證明IDSA(美國傳染病學會)對無併發症尿路感染的治療指導方針在有效性和不良事件方面仍然穩健,儘管抗生素抗藥性的流行病學發生了重大變化。除非患者有藥物抗藥性或不耐受的歷史,或生活在當地抗藥率較高的地區,否則硝呋太爾和甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲噁唑仍是首選治療,”研究作者寫道。

限制:
根據作者的說法,這項研究的隊列顯示某些合併症的流行率低於一般人群,這可能反映了來自賓夕法尼亞州東南部單一健康保險公司的數據範圍有限,以及對無併發症尿路感染的嚴格納入標準。此外,研究人員指出對患者的種族、民族和社會經濟狀況的數據有限,這使得無法評估不同子群體中的治療效果。

披露:
這項研究得到了獨立藍十字保險和海軍研究辦公室(NOO014-21-1-2807號獎助金)的支持。Noah Jones報告沒有相關的利益衝突。其他披露信息在原文中有說明。

這篇文章使用了多種編輯工具,包括人工智能,作為編輯過程的一部分。人類編輯在發佈前對此內容進行了審查。

這篇研究強調了在抗生素抗藥性問題日益嚴重的背景下,無併發症尿路感染的治療策略仍然有效的重要性。儘管臨床環境和細菌耐藥性不斷變化,但一線抗生素如硝呋太爾和甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲噁唑仍然是安全且有效的選擇。這不僅對醫療專業人士在選擇抗生素時提供了重要參考,也提醒患者在面對尿路感染時應尋求正確的醫療建議,而不是自行用藥。隨著抗生素耐藥性問題的加劇,未來的研究應更加關注如何在保持治療有效性的同時,減少抗生素的使用,以避免不必要的耐藥性發展。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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