突破性AI演算法解碼人類行為

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開創性的AI算法能解碼人類行為
南加州大學的研究人員推出DPAD,這是一種能解碼特定腦部模式的AI工具。這一突破可能會改變神經科技和心理健康治療的面貌。

理解腦部活動如何轉化為行為是神經科學最雄心勃勃的目標之一。雖然靜態方法能提供一個快照,但卻無法捕捉腦信號的流動性。動態模型通過分析神經活動的時間模式,提供了更完整的視角。

然而,現有的大多數模型都有其局限性,比如線性假設或難以優先考慮與行為相關的數據。南加州大學的研究人員最近的突破正在改變這一現狀。

神經複雜性的挑戰
你的大腦不斷處理多種行為。在你閱讀這篇文章的同時,它可能正在協調眼球運動、處理文字,並管理像饑餓這樣的內部狀態。每種行為都會產生獨特的神經模式。

DPAD將神經—行為轉化分解為四個可解釋的映射元素。然而,這些模式在大腦的電信號中交織在一起。從這個網絡中解開與特定行為相關的信號,對於腦—電腦接口(BCIs)等應用至關重要。

BCIs的目的是通過直接解碼大腦信號來恢復癱瘓患者的功能。例如,患者可以僅通過思考運動來移動機械臂。

然而,準確地將與運動相關的神經活動與其他同時出現的腦信號隔離,仍然是一個重大挑戰。

介紹DPAD:一種革命性的AI算法
南加州大學電氣與計算機工程的Sawchuk講席教授Maryam Shanechi及其團隊開發了名為DPAD(解離優先動態分析)的工具。該算法利用人工智能將與特定行為相關的神經模式與大腦的整體活動分開。

Shanechi解釋道:“我們的AI算法DPAD能夠解離編碼特定行為(如手臂運動)的腦部模式,與所有其他同時出現的模式分開。這提高了BCIs的運動解碼準確性,並能發現之前被忽視的新腦部模式。”

DPAD的訓練過程也得到了前博士生Omid Sani的強調。他提到:“DPAD優先學習與行為相關的模式。只有在隔離這些模式之後,才會分析其餘信號,防止它們掩蓋重要數據。這種方法結合神經網絡的靈活性,使DPAD能夠描述各種各樣的腦部模式。”

超越運動:在心理健康中的應用
雖然DPAD的直接影響在於改善BCIs的物理運動,其潛在應用卻遠不止於此。該算法未來可能能夠解碼內部心理狀態,如疼痛或情緒。這一能力可能會革新心理健康治療,提供對患者症狀狀態的實時反饋。

Shanechi表示:“我們對擴展我們的方法以追蹤心理健康狀況中的症狀狀態感到興奮。這可能為BCIs鋪平道路,不僅幫助管理運動障礙,還能幫助心理健康狀況。”

DPAD在數值模擬的線性模型中解離並優先考慮行為相關的神經動態,同時學習其他神經動態。

歷史上,幾個挑戰一直阻礙著穩健的神經—行為動態模型的發展。首先,神經—行為轉化通常涉及非線性關係,而這些關係用線性模型難以捕捉。現有的非線性模型雖然更靈活,但往往會將行為相關的動態與無關的神經活動混合在一起,遮蔽重要模式。

此外,許多模型難以優先考慮行為相關的動態,反而專注於整體神經變異。行為特定信號通常僅占總神經活動的一小部分,容易被忽視。DPAD通過在學習階段優先考慮這些信號,克服了這一限制。

最後,現有模型很少支持多樣的行為類型,例如分類選擇或不規則取樣的數據,如情緒報告。DPAD的靈活框架適應這些多樣的數據類型,擴大其應用範圍。

神經科技的新時代
Shanechi的研究標誌著神經科技的一個重要進步。通過解決早期方法的局限性,DPAD提供了一個強大的工具來研究大腦和開發BCIs。這些進展可能改善癱瘓患者和心理健康狀況患者的生活,提供更個性化和有效的治療。

隨著神經科學深入理解大腦如何協調行為,像DPAD這樣的工具將變得不可或缺。它們不僅承諾解碼大腦的複雜語言,還將解鎖治療身體和心理疾病的新可能性。

在這篇文章中,我們見證了人工智能在神經科學領域的潛力,DPAD的出現不僅是技術上的突破,更是對人類理解自身行為的深刻影響。這樣的技術不僅能幫助我們更好地解讀身體的信號,還可能揭示情感和心理狀態的深層聯繫。隨著研究的深入,未來或許能夠利用這些技術實現更精準的個性化醫療,為患者帶來希望和改變。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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