穆迪警告:散戶湧入私募信貸,恐釀美國經濟風險




穆迪警告:零售投資者參與私募信貸市場風險上升,或威脅美國經濟穩定

路透社報道,穆迪評級機構於本週三發出警告,指出零售投資者將資金投入私募信貸資產的行為,正日益對美國經濟構成風險。

根據穆迪週三發布的報告,自2014年私募信貸機構成立以來,隨著疫情爆發後,信貸市場的資產配置逐漸從銀行及公開市場轉向私募信貸公司,這些機構管理的資產總額已超過2萬億美元。這一轉變發生之際,美國市場正經歷因特朗普政府對中國及其他國家加徵關稅而引發的動盪。

穆迪分析師指出:「即使市場波動持續,另類資產管理者仍不斷推出基金,吸引零售投資者參與私募信貸及其他私募資產。」

疫情後,零售投資者對私募信貸領域的參與更趨活躍,主要受惠於開放式「永續基金」的興起,這類基金相比傳統封閉式基金的限制更少,流動性更高。此外,專注於私募信貸的交易所交易基金(ETFs)亦越來越受歡迎。穆迪強調,這些ETF的崛起有可能「重新定義投資者進入私募市場的方式」,但前提是必須設立適當的風險防範機制。

穆迪指出,零售導向的ETF和永續基金在接受及贖回投資方面,比封閉式基金靈活得多。然而,這種靈活性同時帶來類似銀行擠提的風險,正如去年硅谷銀行及其他區域銀行所面臨的情況。

分析師警告:「流動性條款與投資者期望不一致,可能損害基金管理者的信譽。」

此外,穆迪還指出,永續基金信貸協議中對借貸雙方的寬鬆條款,較封閉式基金寬鬆,這亦增加了風險。

穆迪總結道:「零售資金有潛力大幅擴展私募市場,但管理好流動性及確保資訊透明,是長期成功的關鍵。」

評論與啟示

穆迪的這份報告提醒我們,私募信貸市場雖然為普通投資者開啟了新大門,讓更多人能夠參與過去較為封閉的資產類別,但同時也帶來了前所未有的挑戰和風險。尤其是在流動性管理方面,零售投資者的過度參與可能引發類似銀行擠提的連鎖反應,這對整個金融系統的穩定構成威脅。

香港投資者應該密切關注這一趨勢。私募信貸基金的靈活贖回機制雖然提高了流動性,但也可能在市場波動時放大賣壓,造成資金鏈斷裂。監管機構亦需加強對私募市場的監管,推動更透明的資訊披露及風險管理標準,避免市場過度槓桿及流動性風險累積。

從投資策略角度看,零售投資者應該清楚理解私募信貸產品的風險特性,不能只被高收益所吸引而忽視潛在流動性風險。長遠來看,如何在促進市場開放與保障投資者安全之間取得平衡,將是全球金融市場監管的一大課題。

總括而言,穆迪的警告不僅是對美國市場的提醒,也是對全球投資者和監管者的警鐘,私募信貸市場的快速擴張背後,需要有更完善的風險控制與投資者教育,才能確保市場健康穩定發展。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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