穆迪警告:散戶湧入私募信貸,恐衝擊美國經濟




穆迪警告:散戶投資私募信貸資產風險增加或威脅美國經濟

穆迪評級機構於周三發出警告,指出散戶投資者將資金投入私募信貸資產所帶來的風險,對美國經濟構成日益增長的威脅。

根據穆迪周三發布的報告,自疫情以來,美國及全球信貸市場的資金配置逐漸從公開市場的銀行轉向私募信貸公司。自2014年私募信貸市場成立以來,管理資產規模已超過2萬億美元。

即使在特朗普總統對中國及其他國家實施關稅政策引發市場動盪的背景下,私募信貸市場依然持續擴張。

穆迪分析師在報告中指出:「即使市場波動持續,另類資產管理者仍不斷推出旨在吸引散戶投資者進入私募信貸及其他私募資產類別的基金。」

疫情期間,散戶對私募信貸領域的參與更為活躍,主要推動力來自開放式常青基金(evergreen funds),這類基金相較於傳統封閉式基金對投資贖回的限制較為寬鬆。

此外,專注於私募信貸的交易所買賣基金(ETF)也越來越受歡迎。穆迪強調,這股ETF的增長有可能「重新定義散戶進入私募市場的途徑」,但前提是必須設有適當的保障措施。

穆迪指出,散戶導向的ETF和常青基金在接受及贖回投資方面,比封閉式基金擁有更大彈性。然而,這種自由度同時帶來風險,類似銀行擠提的情況,正是去年矽谷銀行及其他地區性銀行所遭遇的困境。

分析師警告:「流動性條款與投資者期望不匹配,可能會削弱對基金管理方的信任。」

穆迪同時指出,與封閉式基金相比,常青基金的信貸協議中對貸方和借方的限制條款較為寬鬆,這也帶來額外風險。

報告最後總結:「散戶資金有潛力顯著擴大私募市場規模,但管理流動性及確保透明度將是長遠成功的關鍵。」

評論與啟示:

穆迪這份報告提醒我們,私募信貸市場雖然吸引了大量散戶資金,推動市場快速擴張,但同時也帶來了前所未有的流動性與風險管理挑戰。開放式基金和ETF的靈活性雖然方便散戶進出,但在市場劇烈波動時,可能觸發類似銀行擠兌的連鎖反應,進一步加劇金融市場的不穩定性。

對香港投資者來說,這種趨勢同樣值得關注。隨著全球資金尋求收益的環境持續低利率甚至負利率,私募信貸等另類資產吸引力大增,但缺乏透明度和流動性風險不容忽視。投資者應該謹慎評估基金的流動性條款,避免陷入短期贖回壓力下的資金困境。

此外,監管機構亦應加強對私募市場的監控,尤其是散戶參與度提升的情況下,確保市場運作穩健。私募信貸市場的快速發展固然利好資本配置效率,但如何平衡創新與風險,將是未來金融監管的一大挑戰。

總括而言,穆迪的警告不單是對美國市場的提醒,更是對全球投資者和監管層的警鐘:私募信貸的繁榮背後潛藏的風險,值得我們深入理解和謹慎應對。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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