特朗普炒版權局長 AI版權爭議引風暴

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特朗普據報解僱美國版權局局長

本週早些時候,美國版權局發布了一份重磅報告,部分內容支持創作者權益,同時對人工智能系統在訓練過程中使用受版權保護的材料提出了擔憂。但就在上周六,據CBS新聞報導,美國前總統特朗普解僱了該局局長Shira Perlmutter。這一人事變動同時發生於特朗普解僱美國國會圖書館館長Carla Hayden之後,而版權局正隸屬於國會圖書館的一個部門。

Perlmutter自2020年10月起擔任版權局局長,任期始於特朗普第一任期內。她是由當時由奧巴馬第一任期任命的國會圖書館館長Hayden任命。Hayden在任內致力於現代化和優化圖書館系統,但本週早些時候被無預警解僱,且未有給出任何解釋。

Hayden的解僱緊隨右翼“政府監督”組織美國問責基金會(American Accountability Foundation,AAF)對她的攻擊。該組織批評Hayden反對從圖書館移除關於性別認同的書籍,並且批評她邀請歌手Lizzo於2022年在一場音樂會上演奏前總統詹姆斯·麥迪遜的水晶長笛。

AAF同時對Perlmutter提出質疑,指責她支持民主黨政治活動並且支持對網絡下載受版權保護內容者實施“三振出局”規則。這些指控似乎成為特朗普採取行動的導火線,尤其是在版權局剛剛發表了一份關於生成式人工智能如何使用受版權保護作品訓練模型及其可能對藝術家和版權持有人造成的潛在損害的報告之後。

紐約民主黨眾議員、眾議院行政委員會排名成員Joe Morelle對Perlmutter被解僱表示不滿,並質疑其背後動機。他在聲明中指出:“特朗普解僱版權局局長Shira Perlmutter,是一場無法律依據的公然權力攫取行動。”他強調,這一行動發生在Perlmutter拒絕批准Elon Musk大規模使用受版權作品訓練AI模型的申請不到一天之後,絕非巧合。

Musk近期公開支持廢除所有知識產權法律,這一想法在科技界高層中獲得日益支持,因為他們希望能夠利用盡可能多的數據來訓練AI模型。取消知識產權法律似乎是他們快速取得所需數據的捷徑,畢竟“合理使用”用於訓練數據的辯護可能站不住腳。恰如其分的是,Perlmutter辦公室的報告得出的結論之一是,將受版權保護作品用於商業服務的AI訓練“超出了既定的合理使用範圍”。

評論與分析:版權保護與人工智能之間的角力

這次特朗普解僱版權局局長的事件,表面上看似一場權力更迭,背後卻反映出當前人工智能技術與傳統知識產權制度間的激烈衝突。人工智能的迅猛發展,尤其是生成式AI對大量數據的需求,正挑戰既有的版權法律框架。企業和技術巨頭如Elon Musk等人推崇取消知識產權法規,以便在不受限制的環境中挖掘數據,這種思潮對創作者權益構成嚴重威脅。

Perlmutter的報告明確指出,利用受版權保護材料進行商業AI訓練超越了合理使用界限,這不僅是對創作者利益的保護,也是對整個創意產業生態的維護。然而,政治層面和商業利益的糾葛,使得這樣的保護工作面臨巨大阻力。

特朗普此舉可能不單是政治報復,更是反映出當前美國在AI監管和知識產權保護上的分歧與混亂。民主黨和部分科技界人士支持更嚴格的版權保護,而部分右翼勢力和科技巨頭則傾向於放寬規範,追求“數據自由”。

對香港及全球讀者而言,這場版權與AI的較量提醒我們,科技進步不能以犧牲創作者權益為代價。政府和社會需共同尋找平衡點,既鼓勵創新,又保障知識產權,才能建立一個健康且可持續的數碼生態系統。未來的法規制定和政策走向,將深刻影響全球創意產業與科技發展格局,值得我們持續關注。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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