特朗普推AI禁令重啟州政府監管爭議

zero comment

特朗普總統的人工智能行動計劃聚焦「繁複」州級AI監管問題

人工智能（AI）在州政府層面上的監管問題近日再度成為焦點。白宮於星期三公布了備受期待的《AI行動計劃》，這份報告點出聯邦政府在AI政策上的關鍵方向，主要目標是放寬對科技公司的限制，促進AI創新，並確保美國在全球產業中保持領先地位。報告中的一些建議，與共和黨早前嘗試通過的《大美好法案》（Big Beautiful Bill Act）中提出的AI暫停令政策驚人相似。

參議院以99票贊成、1票反對的壓倒性多數，否決了預計會禁止各州在未來10年內監管AI的提案。不過，《AI行動計劃》試圖重新引入類似規定，指責部分州政府實施「繁複的AI監管」，浪費聯邦資金，成為AI繁榮的官僚障礙。

放寬管制，懲罰「繁複」監管州政府

在名為「消除繁文縟節與過度管制」的部分，計劃建議管理與預算辦公室（OMB）與相關聯邦機構合作，確保這些機構在分配AI相關的自由裁量資金時，會考慮州政府的AI監管環境，若發現某州的監管政策可能阻礙資金的有效利用，便限制該州獲得資金。

換言之，該計劃意圖賦予聯邦機構依據州政府是否配合特朗普政府的AI監管策略，來決定是否撥款的權力。

AI暫停令死灰復燃

美國公民自由聯盟（ACLU）高級政策顧問Cody Venzke向Mashable表示：「這就是AI暫停令的翻版。」儘管參議院幾乎全票否決該提案，但政府依然想給予AI企業「空白支票」。Venzke指出，雖然法律手段可能有所不同，但結果相同：這將助長現有的AI風險，而各州原本已嘗試介入防範。

反對AI暫停令的聲音認為，該法案將剝奪州政府保護居民免受AI傷害的能力。消費者報告的AI政策分析師Grace Gedye警告：「在國會未有作出行動的情況下，州政府必須被允許繼續訂立保護消費者的規則。今日的行動讓州政府陷入困境，尚不清楚哪些州法會被視為『繁複』，以及哪些聯邦資金將面臨風險。」

缺乏具體細節引發疑慮

法律學者Gabriel Weil指出，該計劃缺乏明確細節令人擔憂。共和黨的AI暫停令最終版本是將州AI監管與聯邦資金掛鈎，提議若州政府自願遵守暫停令，將可獲得5億美元的聯邦寬頻資金補助。該方案最終被軟化為提供金錢誘因，而非強制禁止州政府立法。如今，《AI行動計劃》採取類似策略，提供「胡蘿蔔」而非「大棒」，但大棒依然懸在一旁。

Venzke警告，這種做法非常危險，因為政府常用聯邦資金作為武器，打擊不認同的州和地方政策，且過程缺乏透明度和正當程序。這些政策可能影響從教育到農村寬頻建設等多個「AI相關」資金項目。

聯邦政府是否越權？

計劃還建議聯邦通訊委員會（FCC）評估州級AI監管是否妨礙其履行職責，援引1934年《通訊法》賦予FCC確保全美通訊服務的權力。但ACLU的Venzke對FCC是否有權推翻州政府AI監管持懷疑態度，指出FCC權限一般不涵蓋網站、社交媒體、電視節目甚至寬頻服務等內容。

他亦質疑總統是否有權在未經州政府同意下，以聯邦資金作為條件施壓，指出行政部門只有在國會授權下才能對資金加以條件限制，而目前看來，國會並未明確授權此等措施。

從另一角度看，有評論認為這是對州政府如何有效管理聯邦資金的審慎監督，且目前尚難找到大量「AI相關」聯邦資金流向各州的實際案例，不過未來可能會改變。若真要以資金誘因推動州政府放寬監管，聯邦政府或需先提供更多新資金。

然而，Venzke提醒，現有的隱私法、寬頻部署、科技研發資金及深偽技術法例等州級計劃，均可能受到影響。

目前，面對AI在教育、就業市場及環境破壞等方面的潛在影響，有關州政府若要抵禦聯邦政府的干預，或許需提前做好應對準備。

—

評論與啟示

特朗普政府最新的《AI行動計劃》再次點燃了州與聯邦在AI監管上的權力之爭，這反映出美國在面對快速演進的AI技術時，政策制定上的複雜性和矛盾。計劃中試圖利用聯邦資金作為「槓桿」來統一國家AI監管標準，表面上是為了促進創新和產業發展，但實質上卻可能削弱地方政府因地制宜保護公眾利益的能力。

這種「以經濟利益為籌碼」的策略，容易導致監管權力過度集中於聯邦政府，忽略了各州在文化、經濟和社會結構上的多樣性與特殊需求。尤其是在AI這種涉及隱私權、就業保障和社會倫理的領域，地方監管的靈活性和前瞻性非常重要。

此外，計劃缺乏具體細節和透明度，使得公眾和政策制定者難以評估其實際影響和可行性。若未能妥善平衡創新與監管，可能導致科技巨頭繼續壟斷市場，並加劇AI帶來的社會風險。

對香港來說，這場美國的監管爭議也值得關注。香港在推動智慧城市和AI應用時，如何在促進創新與保障市民權益間取得平衡，亦是亟需思考的課題。美國的經驗提醒我們，政府在制定AI政策時，必須兼顧透明性、多元參與及權力分配，避免因一味追求產業競爭力而忽略了社會公義和長遠發展。

總括而言，特朗普的《AI行動計劃》揭示了全球AI治理中權力、利益與價值的多重角力，未來的AI政策制定必須更具包容性和前瞻性，才能真正實現技術惠及全民的理想。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

Download TXT

🎨 Nano Banana Pro 圖像生成器｜打幾句說話就出圖

想畫人像、產品圖、插畫？SSFuture 圖像生成器支援 Flux 同 Gemini Nano Banana Pro 改圖 / 合成，打廣東話都得，仲可以沿用上一張圖繼續微調。

$A selfie taken inside the Roman Colosseum. Insert {reference_image} as the face. He wears a button-down shirt and jeans, smiling as he holds the phone up. Sunbeams shine through the arches behind him. The face is sharp, centered, and well lit.$ ${ "intro": "Create an ultra realistic 8K UHD DSLR photo based on the attached image as a reference of facial features, maintaining 100% likeness.", "subject": { "identity": "A stylish beautiful woman portrayed as Cleopatra, the eternal Queen of Egypt, radiating supreme authority, elegance, and divine power.", "angle": "Full-body editorial portrait captured at a cinematic 3/4 angle, both Cleopatra and the horse positioned diagonally, rendered in ultra-crisp clarity with no blur.", "pose": { "body_position": "She is riding a majestic white horse, seated confidently with impeccable royal posture, her torso slightly turned to a 3/4 angle to emphasize grace and dominance.", "hands": "One hand gently holds the gold-accented reins, while the other rests elegantly near her waist, displaying ornate jewelry.", "expression": "She looks directly at the camera with a calm, commanding, and seductive gaze—the unmistakable presence of a queen born to rule." } }, "appearance": { "outfit": "An opulent, ultra-bongga Cleopatra couture gown in pristine white and radiant gold. The gown features a sculpted corset bodice richly embroidered with gold hieroglyphic motifs, sun-disk patterns, and crystal beadwork. Flowing white silk, chiffon, and sheer organza panels cascade dramatically from the waist and shoulders, creating powerful movement as she rides. A daring thigh-high slit reveals her leg, balancing sensuality with imperial elegance. Every seam is traced with gold-thread embroidery for a luminous, goddess-like silhouette.", "accessories": "She wears the exact Cleopatra headpiece from the attached reference image: a regal black-and-gold striped nemes-style headdress with a polished gold cobra (uraeus) centerpiece at the forehead, structured side panels, and intricate gold detailing. Paired with a wide Egyptian collar necklace with turquoise accents, engraved gold arm cuffs, crystal finger rings, an ornate gold waist belt, delicate anklets, and elegant flat Egyptian sandals.", "hair": "Her hair is fully concealed beneath the nemes headpiece as shown in the reference image, ensuring perfect historical accuracy and symmetry.", "makeup": "Ultra-bold, highly colorful Egyptian eye makeup with ceremonial ink artistry. Her eyes feature sharp elongated black kohl eyeliner extended dramatically past the outer corners, layered with vivid turquoise, teal, emerald green, sapphire blue, violet, and metallic gold pigments blended in high-fashion gradients. Beneath each eye, intricate hand-drawn ink designs inspired by ancient Egyptian symbolism are visible—fine black and gold lines, dots, and sacred motifs echoing hieroglyphs and protective markings, following the natural curve of the lower eye and cheekbone. Her complexion is flawless and softly bronzed with luminous highlights, brows are sculpted and powerful, cheeks carry a subtle coral-rose flush, and lips are finished in a refined nude-rose satin tone to balance the intense, artistic eye look." }, "props": { "animal": "A powerful, majestic white horse with a flowing ivory mane, sculpted muscles, and intelligent dark eyes. The horse wears elegant white-and-gold tack engraved with Egyptian motifs, symbolizing royal conquest, divine favor, and sovereignty." }, "background": { "macro_environment": "A vast open desert landscape near the Egyptian palace and pyramids at golden hour, stretching endlessly beneath a dramatic sky glowing with gold, amber, and soft ivory tones.", "midground_details": "Distant pyramids rising from the sand, monumental stone statues, ceremonial banners moving in the wind, and faint silhouettes of royal guards and attendants placed far behind for scale.", "micro_elements": "Fine desert sand lifted by the horse’s movement, sharply defined gold engravings on the reins, visible embroidery threads on the gown, subtle translucency of sheer fabrics, radiant light reflections on gold surfaces, and crisp, realistic shadows—everything rendered with extreme clarity and zero blur." }, "lighting": { "type": "Cinematic natural golden-hour lighting with soft reflective highlights.", "effect": "Warm sunlight intensifies the white-and-gold palette, ignites the vibrant eye makeup colors and ink details, and illuminates the horse’s coat, creating a radiant, divine, editorial glow." }, "camera": { "camera_type": "DSLR", "resolution": "8K UHD", "lens": "50mm prime lens", "aperture": "f/8 for maximum sharpness across subject and background", "iso": 100, "shutter_speed": "1/250s to freeze motion while maintaining realism", "focus": "Extreme sharp focus from foreground to background, no bokeh, no blur" }, "style": "High-fashion editorial, cinematic realism, divine Egyptian royalty, white-and-gold couture contrasted with vibrant ceremonial eye art, powerful, sensual, ultra-detailed, sharp, majestic" }$