特朗普推動AI發展 解放矽谷創新限制

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特朗普公布AI行動計劃:為矽谷拆除「官僚紅綠燈」

美國前總統特朗普於2025年7月23日公布了一套人工智能(AI)行動計劃,旨在鞏固美國成為全球AI技術領先者的地位。這份由白宮發布的28頁計劃書,核心策略是放寬對AI的監管,特別強調消除AI系統中政治「偏見」,以確保技術的公正性,這點符合其「讓美國再次偉大」(MAGA)理念。

計劃主要圍繞三大支柱:加速創新、擴建美國的AI基礎設施,以及推動美國硬件和軟件成為全球AI創新標準平台。白宮AI負責人David Sacks表示,這是一場全球競爭,美國必須贏得這場AI賽跑,因為AI將深刻影響經濟和國家安全。

為推動計劃,特朗普團隊將削減被視為阻礙AI發展的「官僚紅綠燈」,簡化數據中心、半導體製造和能源基建的許可程序,並與美國科技企業合作,將AI全套技術輸出給盟國,確保美國成為AI全球標準制定者。此外,政府將更新採購規則,只與確保AI系統客觀且無上層意識形態偏見的大型語言模型開發商合作。

特朗普的AI政策亦體現出與中國在AI領域的競爭焦點。近期中國初創公司DeepSeek推出的高效低成本AI模型,令美國科技界警覺,中國可能比預期更具競爭力。特朗普政府也推動AI基建巨額投資,包括5,000億美元的「Stargate」計劃,並促成科技巨頭如OpenAI、軟銀和甲骨文的合作。

然而,該計劃亦備受批評。部分隱私倡導者、工會和研究機構認為,特朗普政府過於偏袒科技產業利益,忽視AI安全與倫理問題,如AI取代工作和對兒童的潛在傷害。這些團體正推動「人民行動計劃」以對抗政府的AI方針。另一方面,AI專家警告,要求AI系統消除偏見的規定可能造成執行困難,甚至拖慢技術創新速度。

在監管層面,特朗普上任後即撤銷了前總統拜登時期對AI設置的部分限制。最近美國參議院亦刪除了共和黨提出的一項禁止州政府10年內制定AI相關法律的條款,凸顯聯邦與州政府間在AI監管政策上的分歧。特朗普的行動計劃建議在分配聯邦AI資金時考慮各州的監管環境。

總體而言,特朗普的AI策略明顯傾向於快速推動技術發展和擴大美國在全球的影響力,而對於AI的安全風險和倫理問題則相對輕視。這反映了當前全球AI競爭中,如何在創新速度與社會責任間取得平衡的挑戰。

評論與啟示

特朗普政府的AI行動計劃,從推動基建和放寬監管的角度,無疑是為了加快美國在AI領域的領先步伐,特別是在中美科技競爭日益激烈的背景下。這種「速度優先」的策略,能夠迅速推動技術落地和產業發展,對於維護國家競爭力有其合理性。

然而,忽視AI潛在的社會影響和倫理風險,可能埋下未來的隱患。AI系統的「政治偏見」問題,不僅是技術挑戰,更是價值觀和權力結構的反映。特朗普強調消除偏見,但如何界定及實施,卻沒有給出具體可行的方案,這可能導致政策落地困難或成為空談。

此外,將AI政策與「反官僚主義」掛鉤,意圖通過簡化審批和監管流程刺激產業發展,雖然短期內有助於吸引投資和促進創新,但長遠來看,缺乏監管的技術擴散可能引發安全和隱私風險,甚至加劇社會不平等。

對香港而言,這提醒我們在推動AI發展時,除了追求技術和經濟效益外,更應重視監管框架的完善和公眾參與,確保技術進步與社會責任並重。如何借鑒國際經驗,平衡創新與監管,將是未來AI治理的重要課題。

最後,特朗普的政策強調與科技巨頭合作和推動美國技術成為全球標準,這反映出在全球科技競爭中,標準制定權的戰略意義。香港作為國際金融和科技樞紐,應抓住機遇,積極參與全球AI標準和規範的制定,提升自身在國際科技生態中的話語權。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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