波音對華出口受阻?關稅戰陰影下的交付困境




波音在華出口關稅風波中陷入交付困局

美國飛機製造商波音(Boeing)近日因美中貿易緊張局勢再次成為焦點,特別是位於上海附近的飛機完工廠內,一批等待交付的飛機命運受到質疑。據報導,波音面臨中國對其進口產品的禁令,此舉是美國前總統特朗普推行「互惠」全球關稅政策下的反制措施之一,但業內人士表示,相關規定仍未明朗。

就在特朗普於4月2日宣布關稅前數週,波音似乎仍在準備正常營運。飛行追蹤數據顯示,有四架全新737 MAX飛機停放在舟山的完工及交付中心,該處負責為飛機安裝內裝及塗裝,再交付給中國客戶。這四架飛機中,三架於3月抵達,一架上週從西雅圖運抵。

然而,航空媒體《The Air Current》週四報導指出,這三架飛機中的首架已被標記將召回美國,尚未完成交付。波音對此未予置評。

波音於2018年在上海東南側開設該完工廠,當時正值特朗普第一任期內美中貿易緊張加劇。雖然波音並未像空中巴士(Airbus)那樣在中國組裝整架飛機,但分析師認為,此舉意在搶佔全球最大航空市場之一的先機。

航空公司及航太業內人士表示,目前尚無正式禁令確認波音交付受阻,但關稅的實施實質上已暫時阻斷了進口。業內高層透露,波音及其供應商正基於暫時不向中國交付飛機的假設作出規劃。中國外交部則拒絕對此事置評,僅稱會轉介相關主管部門。

交付陷入不確定的“等待期”

對於航太業而言,舟山成為這場由美國主導的貿易戰最新的前線。波音、航空公司及供應商們正重新審視合同,因為美國供應商Howmet Aerospace宣稱「不可抗力事件」,引發對關稅成本的激烈討論。關稅政策的不斷變動,令許多飛機交付陷入停滯,部分航空公司高層甚至表示寧願延後收機,也不願支付額外關稅。

歷史上,波音約四分之一的飛機交付給中國,但受早前貿易摩擦、737 MAX安全危機及新冠疫情影響,這一比例已逐漸下降。分析師指出,短期內停止向中國交付飛機,對波音影響有限,因為該公司仍有其他市場可供服務,而空中巴士產能亦無法快速填補缺口。

長遠來看,中國仍是波音的戰略重點。波音預計到2043年,中國機隊規模將翻倍,並將在航空客運量上超越美國。交付不確定性成為波音復甦路上的又一挑戰,該公司正努力走出過去一年因勞工罷工、監管加強及供應鏈中斷而造成的困境。

波音數據顯示,截至目前為止,尚有130架訂單未交付給中國航空公司及租賃公司,其中包括96架737 MAX。業界人士透露,波音尚未公布買家的760多架未交付訂單中,有相當大部分是為中國市場準備。

中國航空公司中有55%機隊是租賃機,國際航空諮詢公司IBA首席經濟學家Stuart Hatcher表示,這些公司極有可能會延長現有租賃合約,以應對交付困境。

評論與啟示:波音的挑戰與機遇

波音這次在中國市場遭遇的交付瓶頸,反映了全球貿易緊張局勢對跨國企業運營的直接影響。雖然短期內波音尚能依靠其他市場緩衝風險,但中國市場的失守將對其長遠發展構成嚴峻考驗。作為全球航空巨頭,波音必須在地緣政治與商業利益間尋找平衡,並加強供應鏈彈性及市場多元化。

此外,波音與中國的合作模式也值得深思。與其全盤依賴中國市場,波音或可考慮深化與其他新興航空市場的合作,分散風險。同時,企業如何在國際政治變局中保持靈活應變能力,將成為未來能否持續領先的關鍵。

對香港及全球投資者而言,波音的現況提醒我們:投資航空航天行業不僅要看技術與市場需求,更要關注地緣政治風險及全球貿易政策的變化。這些因素往往能在短時間內重塑產業格局,影響公司的營收與股價表現。

總括而言,波音在中國市場的「交付困局」不僅是貿易戰的縮影,更是全球化時代企業面臨複雜挑戰的典型案例。未來波音如何調整戰略,將成為業界及投資者密切關注的焦點。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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