法國調查Nissan歐洲拖欠供應商款項風波




法國將審查日產歐洲供應商付款情況,信件曝光

根據路透社取得的信件顯示,法國政府正審查日產汽車(Nissan)在歐洲業務是否按時支付供應商款項,並要求該車廠提交2024年完整的財務紀錄。

法國經濟部競爭司於上月通知日產歐洲公司此項審查,表示此舉是為了確保企業能及時支付供應商款項,是一項更廣泛的監管行動。信中指出,法國政府計劃於10月7日到訪位於巴黎近郊蒙蒂尼勒布雷通紐(Montigny-le-Bretonneux)的日產歐洲區總部進行調查。

這次審查正值日產推行全球大規模轉型計劃,目標削減34億美元成本並重返成長軌道。日產並未被指控有任何違法行為,但信中要求其提交2024年1月1日至12月31日的會計及付款紀錄,以及其他相關文件,以配合調查。

若發現違規,日產可能面臨行政處罰,包括罰款。根據法國法律,企業必須在開具發票後60天內付款,違者可被罰款最高達200萬歐元(約2.36百萬美元)。

信件中未提及受影響的具體供應商或數量,這些調查細節此前未對外公布。路透社早前報道,日產曾向部分歐盟及英國供應商提出延後付款的選項,若供應商同意延遲收款,日產會提供額外報酬,藉此緩解短期現金流壓力。

企業要求供應商延遲付款以管理現金流並不罕見,但目前尚不清楚是什麼原因促使監管機關對日產展開審查。日產歐洲在回應中表示,確實收到了法國當局關於供應商付款的資料請求,並強調「目前未有任何違法指控,我們正全力配合調查並準備提供所需資料和說明。」

法國經濟部競爭司發言人拒絕置評。

法國加強遲延付款調查力度

法國近年加強對企業間遲延付款的監管,2025年上半年檢查了409家公司,發現近40%違反規定,開出約4700萬歐元罰款。相比之下,2024年前五個月檢查248家公司,違規率約28%,罰款近3000萬歐元。

此次審查為日產帶來新挑戰。去年日本監管機構曾發現日產在兩年內少付數十家供應商合共約30億日圓(約2000萬美元),日產在調查公布前已補足款項,並被建議加強對供應商付款的監督。

歐盟委員會資料指出,遲延付款對中小企造成壓力,可能導致失業甚至倒閉,約四分之一的歐盟企業破產與遲延付款有關。歐盟規定企業間付款必須在60天內完成,除非另有明確協議且不具不公平性。

根據信用保險公司Atradius於今年五月的調查,西歐約47%的企業間發票逾期未付,法國更高達52%。

日產於今年首季度(4至6月)錄得5.35億美元虧損,為四年來首次季度經營虧損。其轉型計劃包括全球裁員約15%,以及關閉或合併七間工廠,目標於2026財年實現正向自由現金流,因中國及美國銷售疲弱,加劇先前擴張策略帶來的挑戰。

評論與分析:

法國當局對日產歐洲供應商付款的調查,反映了歐洲監管機關對企業財務透明度及供應鏈健康的日益重視。雖然日產尚未被指控違法,但此舉本身已對企業形象及營運帶來壓力。此次調查不僅是對日產的挑戰,也凸顯了全球汽車產業在轉型及成本控制壓力下,供應商關係管理的脆弱性。

值得注意的是,日產曾嘗試以延遲付款換取短期現金流,這種策略在資金緊張時雖常見,卻可能損害與供應商的長期合作關係,甚至在法規嚴格的地區引發法律風險。法國嚴格執行付款期限,罰款力度加大,顯示監管環境正變得更嚴厲,企業若想避免風險,必須加強財務紀律與供應鏈透明度。

此外,日產全球轉型計劃中大幅裁員及關閉工廠,顯示其面對市場變化的壓力巨大,這種內部重組亦可能影響其對供應商的付款能力和策略。對香港及其他市場的投資者而言,這提醒我們在評估跨國企業時,不僅要關注其財報和市場表現,更要留意其供應鏈健康及合規風險。

最後,此事件亦反映出全球汽車行業轉型期的複雜性與挑戰。未來,企業要在追求成本效益與維持供應商關係間取得平衡,確保合規同時保持靈活的營運模式,才能在競爭激烈的市場中生存和發展。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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Create an image that captures a person working on a laptop while sitting on a wooden beach chair on a sandy beach.
Here are some key details:
Subject: A man uploaded photo wearing a light-colored, long-sleeved shirt open botten (possibly linen or a light denim), dark shorts. He is focused intently on the screen and keyboard of his silver laptop.
Setting: The scene is set on a beach during sunset or sunrise, indicated by the warm, golden light and the long shadows. There is a palm tree towering over the person, and its fronds are visible against the bright sky. The ocean is in the background.
Atmosphere: The overall mood is one of a "digital nomad" or someone enjoying the flexibility of working remotely in a beautiful, relaxed, and warm location. The lighting creates a very aesthetic and aspirational feel.
Foreground Detail: To the left of the chair, there's a wooden crate or small table where a portion of a coconut appears to be resting.
The photo effectively contrasts the intensity of work with the serene, Base Setup
keep 100 percent facial information adherence of the attached image and turn her into a lone traveler posed on a sunlit desert dune ridge, captured as a live action photograph or movie still, not an illustration or CGI render, with a sexy, confident, heat soaked editorial mood.

Shot and Camera
Full body shot from slightly low height, framing her on the right third, with sweeping dunes rolling into the distance on the left, using a wide cinematic lens feel that keeps the landscape vast and minimal.

Identity and Pose
She has a slim, toned build, medium height impression, sun kissed skin, and long loose hair blown by the wind. She stands barefoot on the crest, one leg forward so the hip shifts naturally, one hand resting on her upper thigh and the other lightly gripping a sheer wrap at her side, wearing a high cut desert bikini with a gauzy open sarong that shows plenty of leg and midriff without nudity, head turned over her shoulder with a subtle, knowing smile, 8k Photorealistic and hyper realistic.

Lighting and Environment
Harsh midday sun from high right casts crisp shadows along her body and the dune ripples, with soft sky bounce filling the shadows enough to keep detail. The sand textures, wind carved ridges, and pale blue sky remain exactly like the reference, with faint footprints and slight imperfections grounding her on the slope.

Masking and Constraints
Change only by adding the subject and her wardrobe, keep dune shapes, lighting direction, perspective, horizon line, and white balance identical, preserving realistic body proportions and clear contact between her feet and the sand. Absolutely no added text, no painterly or toon look, no CGI plastic skin, no see through fabric on intimate areas, no warped limbs or floating feet, strictly require consistent perspective, natural film like grain, fine skin texture and sand detail, and physically correct contact shadows in the sand depressions around her feet. A rugged post-apocalyptic survivor standing in a wasteland, hyper-realistic portrait. A young man with a shaved military-style haircut, dirt- and blood-stained face, visible scars, intense determined eyes. Wearing layered tactical clothing: torn and weathered jacket, patched sleeves, multiple scarves and cloth wraps in earthy tones, tactical pants with reinforced padding. Covered in survival gear: large worn backpack, utility pouches on chest and waist, rope, knives, handmade tools, makeshift firearm at the hip. Textures of dust, rust, scratches on all equipment. Cinematic dystopian lighting, muted earthy color palette, shallow depth of field, dramatic storytelling atmosphere, ultra-detailed, photorealistic, 50mm lens.