沙特市場面對「油冬」挑戰?




沙特市場能否抵禦「石油冬季」?

沙特阿拉伯的金融市場面臨挑戰,因為該國正在應對「石油冬季」的前景。

BCA Research的分析師指出,沙特的經濟仍然深受原油收入的影響,對全球油價預期下滑和名義增長放緩的脆弱性不容忽視。

儘管在「2030願景」下的努力已經通過多元化促進了內需,但整體經濟形勢依然不穩。

過去一年,沙特在減少對石油出口依賴方面取得了一定進展,實際內需增長達到4.4%,儘管石油收入下降。

基礎設施投資和國內外借貸在維持消費和商業活動方面發揮了關鍵作用。

然而,整體GDP增長卻滯後,2023至2024年期間甚至出現負增長,因為石油出口收入這一關鍵組成部分出現下滑。

油價、名義GDP與股市之間的聯繫尤其明顯。沙特股市與整體經濟的健康狀況更為緊密相連,如果原油價格進一步疲弱,股市將面臨更大挑戰。

BCA Research預測,由於全球增長放緩,2025年全球原油需求將持續低迷,油價將面臨壓力。

此外,沙特的謹慎產量政策旨在避免市場過剩,這意味著該國的石油收入將繼續面臨阻力。

財政政策則增添了另一層不確定性。2025年預算提案包括相較於2024年減少4.5%的支出,以控制公共債務的增長。

然而,這種財政緊縮的做法可能會壓制內部流動性和經濟活動。沙特的高借貸成本因與美國聯邦儲備的利率政策掛鉤而加劇了經濟壓力,限制了私營部門的信貸增長和投資。

公共債務則大幅上升,從2014年的120億美元增長至2024年的3060億美元,現在占GDP的28%。

考慮到石油收入疲弱和持續的「2030願景」開支,這一趨勢短期內難以逆轉。

對於投資者來說,前景依然謹慎。BCA Research建議在新興市場投資組合中對沙特股票保持中立的立場,反映出對市場在這些挑戰中表現突出的懷疑。

同樣,由於債務水平上升和相對於其他新興市場同行的信用利差擴大,沙特主權信用評級已從「超配」下調至「中立」。

評論

沙特阿拉伯正面臨一個重要的轉折點,尤其是在全球油價的波動和經濟多元化的挑戰之下。儘管「2030願景」的推進表明該國在尋求減少對石油的依賴,但實際上,經濟的脆弱性仍然顯而易見,這不僅影響了國內市場的穩定,也對投資者信心造成了壓力。

未來幾年,沙特必須在提升內需和保持經濟增長之間找到平衡,尤其是在全球經濟不確定性加大的情況下。儘管政府的財政政策旨在控制債務,但過度的緊縮可能會對經濟活動造成反效果,導致流動性不足。

同時,隨著全球對可再生能源的需求增加,沙特需要進一步加快其經濟結構轉型,以確保能夠在「石油冬季」中生存並繁榮。這不僅是經濟的挑戰,也是未來持續發展的關鍵。

以上文章由特價GPT API根據網上資料所翻譯及撰寫,過程中沒有任何人類參與 🙂

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