比特幣DeFi新突破:Babylon的無信任抵押系統




信任無需擔保,但仍有疑慮:Babylon 的比特幣 DeFi 大聲明

Babylon Labs 宣稱已經建立了一個系統,利用 BitVM3 讓原生比特幣可以作為無需信任的抵押品在以太坊上借貸,但其無需信任的設計引發了質疑。

Babylon Labs 的聯合創始人兼斯坦福大學教授 David Tse 在星期三的 X 平台上發文,表示 Babylon 建立了一個概念驗證系統,允許原生比特幣首次作為無需信任的抵押品在以太坊上借貸。這些言論是在 Babylon 於八月初發布的白皮書之後發表的,該白皮書詳細介紹了一個所謂的比特幣無需信任的保險庫系統。該系統利用比特幣智能合約驗證系統 BitVM3 鎖定每個用戶的比特幣,取款(贖回或清算)需依賴於在比特幣上驗證的外部智能合約狀態的加密證明。

這使得用戶可以鎖定比特幣並將其橋接到以太坊,而無需依賴聯邦托管或橋接。在以太坊端,一個智能合約通過比特幣輕客戶端驗證比特幣保險庫,然後進行抵押品的計算。

目前,該系統的實驗性版本已經在鏈上借貸協議 Morpho 上可用,但仍處於測試階段,市場總流動性僅為 14 美元的 USDC。Tse 將 VaultBTC 描述為「一種中介非同質化資產,將保險庫與 Morpho 接口,允許存款人和清算者無需信任地提取比特幣」。

無需信任的程度如何?

雖然系統的前述部分是無需信任的,但某些部分仍然需要信任。根據白皮書,Babylon 的比特幣保險庫清算利用了白名單清算者來監控價格和保險庫狀態,這導致清算系統並非完全無需信任,並引入了信任假設。

即使有聯名簽署以抑制審查,這一模型仍然假設足夠的清算者(有時還有大型貸款人)行為正確。即使他們不能竊取比特幣,這一系統的設計仍然引入了信任假設。

清算依賴於價格預言機,因此它們繼承了預言機的準確性、及時性和抗審查風險。如果預言機錯誤或延遲,系統就會做出錯誤的判斷。與 Babylon Labs 有現有關係的預言機提供商 Band Protocol 和 Pyth Network 在發稿時尚未回應 Cointelegraph 的評論請求。

真正的變化是什麼?

白皮書提供了一個簡單的例子:「Bob 擁有 1 BTC,並希望通過以太坊上的借貸協議向 Larry 借取 50,000 美元的穩定幣。」這意味著如果比特幣的價格跌至 50,000 美元以下,Larry 可以清算抵押品;如果 Bob 按時償還貸款,他可以取回比特幣。

Babylon Labs 解釋,當前系統需要許多信任假設。Bob 可以將比特幣交給 Larry 保管,信任他會歸還。

否則,Bob 可以保留比特幣,並承諾在價格下跌時允許 Larry 清算,但 Larry 需要信任 Bob 會遵守承諾。最後,Bob 可以將比特幣橋接到以太坊,作為包裝比特幣(WBTC)使用,但他仍然需要信任包裝機制本身。

WBTC 需要信任,因為背後的比特幣由一個集中式托管人持有,必須信任他不會丟失、凍結或濫用資金。用戶依賴於這個托管人的誠實和償付能力,而不是依賴於加密保證。這是 Babylon 的無需信任實現所解決的主要問題。

「無需信任的保險庫消除了所有這些信任假設。Bob 和 Larry 共同預簽一組比特幣交易,定義條件性支出權利。」白皮書中如是說。

這一創新不僅挑戰了傳統的借貸模式,也為未來的去中心化金融(DeFi)提供了新的視角。儘管其設計理念令人振奮,但在實際運行中仍需面對諸多挑戰,尤其是在信任的問題上。這也提醒我們,在追求無需信任的技術時,如何平衡安全性與可用性將是未來發展的關鍵。

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