歐盟重拳監管科技巨頭!AI、電商巨頭面臨嚴峻挑戰

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歐盟向高調科技公司發出嚴厲警告

自從特朗普當選總統以來,科技公司一直在為有利於它們增長的政策做準備,並且面臨的監管也不多。畢竟,特朗普的密切顧問中包括特斯拉(Tesla)首席執行官埃隆·馬斯克和前PayPal聯合創始人大衛·薩克斯。

然而,在大西洋彼岸,歐洲的經濟潮流卻在迅速轉變。歐盟決定向生產人工智能(AI)模型的公司發出強有力的訊息,明確表示它的領導人並不打算追隨特朗普的腳步。

同時,這個國家集團也向打擊可能威脅其人民的中國出口邁出了重要一步。這一決定可能對幾家知名的電子商務公司產生重大影響。

更重要的是,這可能為其他國家如何處理中國進口設立了先例,特別是隨著特朗普的關稅繼續在全球經濟中造成不確定性。

歐盟正針對兩個強大的行業

隨著AI成為當代變革性技術,許多專家開始考慮這些公司是否應受到限制,以及監管機構應如何應對。歐盟或許已經提供了一些答案。2025年2月2日是歐盟AI法案的首個合規截止日期,這是一部監管框架,旨在確保AI在歐盟27個成員國中負責任地開發和使用。

該法案於2024年8月1日生效,並於昨日迎來了首個關鍵的合規截止日期。它列出了AI技術可能對公民造成的四種不同風險水平,其中四級為最高級別,標記為「不可接受的風險」。

歐盟監管機構非常明確地表示:「所有被視為對公眾安全、生活和權利構成明顯威脅的AI系統都將被禁止。」

將公司歸類為不可接受風險的行為包括「有害的基於AI的操控和欺騙」、「有害的基於AI的利用弱點」以及社會評分,例如利用某人的在線行為建立風險檔案。

這不僅適用於在歐盟成員國註冊的公司。任何在歐盟領土上違反「不可接受風險」行為的公司將面臨3600萬美元的罰款或上年財政收入的7%。

不過,這一監管打擊並不止於此。歐盟官員提出了一項提案,使知名電子商務公司在銷售「危險或非法產品」時承擔責任。

這將影響到像Shein和Temu這樣的中國平台,以及亞馬遜(Amazon),後者將被要求提供更多的包裹數據,以便對運往歐盟成員國的產品進行詳細檢查,以確保其不被視為非法或不安全的產品。

這兩家中國公司多次被指控涉及非法活動,包括侵犯版權。

報導指出:「目前,所有在歐盟購買商品的個人都被視為海關目的下的進口商。」「但如果改革獲得通過,責任將轉移到平台上。」

在提案中,歐盟監管機構強調了不安全進口對其公民所構成的危險。他們還指出,中國進口潮對其他企業造成的「不公平競爭」。

從這場混亂中,科技公司或許會找到新的機遇

雖然歐盟的AI法案並不新鮮,但它在科技的關鍵時刻到來。隨著AI生產商面對複雜的經濟環境,尤其是在中國AI模型DeepSeek推出之後,它們必須面對這個強大貿易集團對AI負責任的立場。

專家表示,如果AI法案和電子商務提案得以實施,將迫使企業要麼優先考慮倫理和透明度,要麼面臨嚴重後果。Pimberly的首席執行官兼聯合創始人馬丁·巴拉姆最近在接受TheStreet的訪問時表示:

「無論是AI監管還是讓電子商務平台對其平台上銷售的商品和服務負責,企業將不再能夠說『我們只是技術平台』——它們必須關心在其技術上銷售的產品和服務的合法性、安全性和有效性。」

他還補充說,這最終可能會為AI和電子商務之間的協同作用提供一個機會,因為前者可以幫助電子商務公司發現和標記可能違反歐盟政策的問題。

不過,這可能只是這類監管的開始。「全球各國政府正在意識到,無法控制的AI和大量進口商品帶來的風險再也不能被忽視。」巴拉姆指出,他預計其他國家將跟隨歐盟的例子。

在當前科技迅速發展的環境中,歐盟的這些新規範顯示出其對科技公司施加的越來越強的壓力,這不僅是對企業的約束,更是對整個行業道德與責任的重新思考。隨著全球對AI與電商的規範日益嚴格,企業必須更謹慎地考慮其行為,否則將面臨重大的法律和財務風險。這不僅是企業的挑戰,也是促進行業進步的機會。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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