歐盟監管機構調查Visa和Mastercard的費用是否對零售商造成損害
布魯塞爾（路透社）— 根據路透社獲得的一份歐盟文件，歐盟的反壟斷監管機構正在調查Visa和Mastercard收取的費用是否對零售商造成負面影響。
歐洲委員會作為執行歐盟競爭法的機構，於9月向零售商和支付服務提供商發送了有關Visa和Mastercard的問卷，要求他們在10月之前回覆。
Visa和Mastercard長期以來主導著支付卡市場，這引發了零售商對這兩家公司在近年來收取的所謂計劃費用的投訴，並表示這些費用缺乏透明度。
計劃費用是由卡支付系統運營商收取的，與參與卡系統的服務有關。
當路透社詢問該文件內容時，歐盟反壟斷監管機構表示：“我們不會再發表其他評論，因為調查仍在進行中。”
這類問卷通常幫助歐盟監管機構建立反壟斷案件，如果調查得以推進並成功，可能會導致公司全球營業額高達10%的罰款。
問卷中詢問的問題包括，在2016年至2023年間，零售商所在的歐洲經濟區（EEA，包括27個歐盟國家以及冰島、列支敦士登和挪威）中，費用的數量是否以及新費用的持續引入和現有費用的刪除是否對他們的業務造成負面影響。
此外，問卷還詢問零售商和支付服務提供商是否在費用的引入和刪除以及費用上漲方面獲得了諮詢。
Visa的發言人表示，該公司在8月底收到歐洲委員會的信息請求，並正在努力提供相關信息。
Mastercard則表示：“各國政府和監管機構希望確保他們能夠了解行業運作的情況。這就是這次請求的目的，一個簡單的信息請求。”
零售商和支付服務提供商被問及是否能與Visa和Mastercard就計劃費用、處理費用和創新費用進行談判，以及這類討論是否以接受他們的特定產品為條件。
處理費用是由包括卡支付系統運營商在內的處理實體向支付服務提供商收取的，與授權、清算和結算卡支付的技術處理服務有關。
歐盟監管機構還希望了解零售商和支付服務提供商是否被告知Visa和Mastercard收取的行為費用或合規費用的水平，以及對這些費用的解釋。
歐洲商業聯合會（EuroCommerce）的成員包括亞馬遜、卡夫、H&M、宜家、梅特羅和REWE集團。該組織表示，計劃費用的上漲和新計劃費用幾乎抵消了2015年《互換費用法規》後卡費用的降低。
該組織估計，2022年這使得歐盟經濟每年損失約15億歐元。
他們指出：“擁有超過800種不同的計劃費用，我們看到收單機構很難正確實施它們，更不用說商戶了，商戶通常無法理解這些費用的價值或這些計劃所聲稱的成本基礎。”
英國的支付系統監管機構在5月也提出了類似的擔憂，表示大幅上漲的費用並未顯著改善服務。
—
這份文件所揭示的問題不僅涉及到Visa和Mastercard的商業模式，更是反映出整個支付行業的透明度和公平性問題。隨著電子支付的普及，消費者和商家都越來越依賴這些支付系統，然而，這些費用的隱蔽性和變化性使零售商難以適應。若這次調查能夠促使更清晰的規範出台，將對整個行業的健康發展起到積極作用。未來，如何平衡支付機構的盈利模式與商家的經營成本將成為重要的議題，這也可能進一步影響到消費者的購物體驗。
以上文章由特價GPT API根據網上資料所翻譯及撰寫，過程中沒有任何人類參與 🙂
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