歐盟汽車禁令軟化 燃油車續賣至2035




歐盟在汽油引擎禁令上讓步,受汽車製造商壓力影響

歐盟委員會即將放寬原定於2035年禁止銷售新燃油引擎車輛的規定,允許部分非電動汽車繼續銷售,這是因應德國、意大利及歐洲汽車業界的強烈壓力。歐盟執行機構似乎接受了汽車製造商的要求,允許繼續銷售使用碳中和生物燃料或合成燃料的插電式混合動力車及增程式電動車,因為他們在與特斯拉及中國電動車的競爭中面臨困難。

根據現行歐盟規定,2035年起所有新車必須達至零排放。但根據最新提案,2035年對二氧化碳排放的減少目標將由100%放寬至90%,以2021年為基準減排90%。歐洲議會最大黨歐洲人民黨(EPP)主席、德國人曼弗雷德·韋伯表示,他理解委員會已同意這個90%的目標,且這仍是重大進展。他在史特拉斯堡的記者會上說:「2035年減排90%是非常大的減少。」

這項提議需獲得歐盟成員國政府及歐洲議會批准,若通過,將是過去五年來歐盟在環保政策上的最大讓步。此舉正值美國汽車巨頭福特宣布將計提195億美元減值損失,並取消多款電動車型,以應對特朗普政府政策及電動車需求疲軟。

歐洲汽車製造商如大眾汽車及菲亞特的母公司Stellantis也指出電動車需求疲弱,呼籲放寬目標及減少違規罰款。汽車行業遊說團體ACEA形容目前形勢是產業的「決戰時刻」,並建議委員會同時放寬2030年的中期目標。

德國汽車廠商尤其感受到壓力,因中國本土車企搶佔市場份額,加上中國電動車進口對歐洲市場構成威脅。歐盟對中國製電動車的關稅只稍微緩解了這種壓力。

然而,電動車產業警告放寬排放目標將削弱投資,令歐盟在電動車轉型競賽中更進一步落後中國。瑞典電動車製造商Polestar行政總裁Michael Lohscheller表示:「從100%零排放目標退步至90%,乍看似乎微小,但若現在倒退,我們不僅會損害氣候,也會損害歐洲的競爭力。」

倡導清潔交通的組織T&E執行董事William Todts則批評歐盟是在拖延時間,讓中國領先一步。他說:「堅持燃油引擎只會令歐洲汽車製造商無法重振雄風。」

此外,歐盟委員會還將提出推動企業車隊,尤其是公司用車中電動車比例的計劃。目前公司車輛佔歐洲新車銷售約六成。具體措施尚未明朗,但可能會要求部分本地生產成分。汽車業界則偏好獎勵措施而非強制目標。

歐盟執行機構還可能提出一個新的小型電動車類別,該類車型將享有較低稅率及額外的二氧化碳排放積分。積分也可能來自更可持續的生產方式,例如使用低碳鋼材製造汽車。

評論與分析

歐盟這次在燃油引擎禁令上的讓步,顯示出環保政策與產業現實之間的矛盾與拉鋸。從環保角度看,2035年達成100%零排放的新車標準是歐盟為應對氣候變化所設定的雄心目標,代表了全球汽車產業轉型的風向標。然而,汽車製造商的實際壓力,尤其是來自德國和意大利這些傳統汽車強國的訴求,再加上對中國電動車競爭的焦慮,迫使歐盟不得不調整政策以避免產業衰退和失業風險。

這種妥協雖然在短期內緩解了汽車業的壓力,但長遠來說可能削弱歐盟在全球電動車競賽中的領先地位。放寬排放目標可能導致投資減少,技術創新速度放慢,最終損害歐洲的工業競爭力。尤其是在中國電動車產業迅速崛起,並且在供應鏈、成本控制及市場滲透率方面展現優勢的情況下,歐盟若不持續堅持嚴格環保標準,可能會被邊緣化。

這件事提醒我們,政策制定必須在環境目標和經濟現實之間找到平衡,但不能因此而放棄長遠的可持續發展。政府和企業應該加強合作,推動技術革新和基礎設施建設,並設計更靈活的過渡方案,避免因短期利益而損害整體轉型的決心。香港作為國際金融和貿易樞紐,也應密切關注全球汽車產業的變化,抓緊新能源車及相關產業的發展機遇,避免被全球汽車市場的結構性變革所淘汰。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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She has light grey eyes with a cat-eye style, curly and defined eyelashes (wispy/manga lashes), and neat natural eyebrows.
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Soft pink and peachy ​​lip gloss applied in the center of her lips (with a slight gradient), giving the impression of healthy, plump lips.

She wore a channel earcuff, gold watch and channel rings. She has coffin shape menicure in white gradien color.

Her shiny, ash brown with pink highlight, waist-length hair, loose curls styled with curtains bangs giving a Korean-style aesthetic.
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Calm and elegant pose. Staring intenstly at the camera {
"intro": "Create an ultra realistic 8K UHD DSLR photo based on the attached image as a reference of facial features, maintaining 100% likeness.",

"subject": {
"identity": "A beautiful real human woman portrayed as Cleopatra, seated majestically on her royal Egyptian throne, maintaining 100% likeness to the reference.",
"pose": "Confident, elegant, and seductive seated posture with her back straight and shoulders relaxed. One hand rests authoritatively on the throne’s armrest while firmly holding a ceremonial cobra staff, and the other hand rests sensually on her thigh. Her legs are positioned to subtly reveal the high slit of her gown, radiating queenly dominance, power, and allure.",
"hair": "Long, thick, voluminous hair flowing past her shoulders, colored deep dark brown with a rich natural sheen. The hair is worn loose and sleek with soft natural movement, cascading elegantly down her back and framing her face in a regal manner.",
"makeup": "Bold royal Egyptian glam with highly colorful eye makeup. Her eyes feature layered pigments of turquoise, sapphire blue, emerald green, and molten gold, enhanced with dramatic black ink-style Egyptian eyeliner extending boldly beyond the outer corners in graphic, calligraphic strokes. Metallic accents and micro-shimmer highlight the inner corners. Skin remains warm, glowing, and luminous with sculpted bronze contours, peachy blush, and radiant highlights. Brows are full, strong, and queenly. Lips are soft nude-peach with a glossy, luminous finish to balance the intense eye look.",
"attire": "An ultra-luxurious, sexy Cleopatra couture gown in pure luminous white. The gown is body-hugging through the bodice and hips, featuring a plunging deep neckline adorned with gold filigree, crystal embellishments, and sacred Egyptian symbols. A dramatic thigh-high slit reveals her leg elegantly. Additional elements include gold-thread embroidery, sculpted drapery, and gemstone accents along the waist and slit. A long, ultra-sheer, lightweight cape made of fine translucent silk chiffon flows from her shoulders, delicately dusted with gold shimmer and subtle hieroglyphic motifs, adding movement and divine softness to her powerful presence.",
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"accessories": "Lavish layers of royal accessories including an oversized beaded broad collar necklace in gold, turquoise, lapis lazuli, and carnelian; stacked gold arm cuffs engraved with hieroglyphs; gemstone-studded bangles; multiple ornate rings; a delicate gold waist chain draped over her hips; and detailed anklets with symbolic charms that enhance her divine queen status.",
"footwear": "Traditional Egyptian royal flat sandals crafted from gold-plated leather with delicate beaded straps, turquoise and lapis inlays, open-toe design, and sacred cobra and lotus motifs."
},

"throne": {
"design": "A massive, ultra-bonggang ancient Egyptian royal throne made of carved gold, obsidian, and polished stone.",
"details": "The throne is richly decorated with winged sun disks, twin cobras, lion-head armrests, lotus and papyrus carvings, and engraved hieroglyphs symbolizing power, eternity, and divine rule. The backrest rises high above her head like a ceremonial monument, inlaid with turquoise, lapis lazuli, and gold leaf patterns. Cushioned with deep ivory and gold-embroidered textiles, the throne radiates absolute authority and unmatched royal luxury."
},

"props": {
"primary": "A ceremonial golden staff topped with a sculpted cobra head, its eyes set with glowing emerald gemstones, symbolizing wisdom, protection, and supreme power.",
"secondary": "Golden jars, papyrus scrolls, gemstone offerings, decorative incense holders emitting thin smoke trails, sacred ceremonial artifacts, and royal insignias placed symmetrically around the throne platform."
},

"background": {
"setting": "A grand Egyptian throne room at night, glowing with warm torchlight and golden illumination.",
"details": "Towering sandstone walls fully carved with hieroglyphics and royal chronicles, monumental lotus and papyrus columns trimmed in gold, statues of Egyptian gods and goddesses standing guard, large braziers casting flickering firelight, patterned gold-and-turquoise stone flooring, and sheer linen curtains gently flowing in the warm desert breeze. Macro-to-micro details are visible throughout, with no blur effect—everything is crisp, sharp, and hyper-detailed."
},

"camera": {
"shot": "Half-body to three-quarter editorial portrait showcasing her throne, flowing white gown with cape, colorful inked eye makeup, crown, and cobra staff.",
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"quality": "Ultra-sharp, high-contrast, glossy editorial realism with 8K-level detail."
}
} A low-angle, wide-lens street shot in a bustling cityscape (similar to Shibuya, Tokyo). A young woman crouches confidently beside a modified, glossy purple sports car with a Japanese license plate. She wears a black graphic tee, cargo pants, white sneakers, and silver jewelry. The background features tall glass skyscrapers, colorful billboards, neon signage, and warm late-afternoon lighting. Strong perspective distortion emphasizes the height of the buildings and the car’s aggressive stance. The mood is stylish, bold, and modern, capturing urban automotive culture with a cinematic, hyper-real aesthetic. High detail, high contrast, crisp reflections, editorial fashion vibe, dynamic street energy.

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