歐盟擴大調查Visa及Mastercard收費壟斷疑雲

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歐盟反壟斷監管擴大調查Visa及Mastercard收費問題

布魯塞爾消息——根據路透社獲得的一份歐盟委員會文件,歐盟反壟斷監管機構已將對Visa和Mastercard收費的調查範圍擴大,現正向終端設備供應商及支付公司徵求意見,可能最終導致對兩家公司涉嫌反競爭行為提出指控。

繼上月向零售商和商戶發放問卷後,監管機構近日發出新的問卷調查。這場調查始於去年九月,源於商戶及支付公司對Visa和Mastercard收費的投訴。這兩家公司在歐元區約處理約三分之二的卡片支付,並就參與其卡系統相關服務收取方案費。

最新問卷重點詢問兩公司於2017年至2024年間收取的費用或提供的服務數目、新增費用或服務的數量,以及費用或服務的變動情況。監管機構亦想了解哪些方案及處理服務是強制性的,以及Visa和Mastercard如何通知支付公司有關新費用或現有費用變更的消息。

問卷還探討兩家公司提供的資訊是否足夠清晰,以及是否在變更收費和服務前給予足夠通知。受訪者亦被問及過去七年內是否曾向Visa或Mastercard投訴,以及處理投訴所需的時間。

Mastercard發言人表示:「Mastercard為消費者和企業提供多樣化的選擇,讓支付和收款變得簡便、安全且最為便利。」

Visa則回應指,其收費反映了其為歐洲金融機構、商戶和消費者帶來的價值,包括極高水平的安全和防欺詐措施,以及近乎完美的運營韌性和可靠性。

一位知情人士透露,問卷聚焦於支付服務提供商是否必須接受所有方案,以及兩家公司近年來如何調整收費。他指出:「這種調查方向轉變,顯示歐盟委員會可能正嘗試證明Visa和Mastercard具市場主導地位,並可能濫用該地位。」

歐盟委員會暫未對相關查詢作出回應。問卷回覆截止日期為6月2日。彭博社首報導了這份問卷。

編輯評論:從競爭監管視角看支付巨頭的市場壟斷風險

Visa與Mastercard長期以來主導著歐洲卡支付市場,掌握逾六成市場份額,收費模式及服務條款對整個支付生態系統影響深遠。歐盟此次擴大調查顯示,監管層對於這兩大支付巨頭是否利用市場支配地位設定不合理收費、限制競爭的疑慮日益加劇。

從消費者及商戶角度看,支付服務的成本與透明度直接影響日常交易成本與便利性。監管機構若能釐清哪些費用屬於「必須接受」的強制收費,並要求提升資訊披露的清晰度和提前通知,將有助於打破資訊不對稱,促進市場公平競爭。

不過,Visa和Mastercard強調其提供的安全性、欺詐防範及運營可靠性,是其收費的合理依據。這提醒我們,監管在促進競爭的同時,亦需平衡維持支付系統穩定與安全的必要性。

未來,若歐盟確認兩家公司存在濫用市場主導地位的行為,不僅可能對其處以罰款,更可能推動整個支付產業鏈的結構性改革,甚至促使更多新興支付技術和競爭者崛起。這對香港及全球市場的支付業者亦具有啟示意義,提醒業界須關注監管趨勢,適時調整策略以應對日益嚴格的反壟斷審查。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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