歐洲教師點用AI?國家差異大揭秘!

Ai




歐洲教師使用人工智能(AI)情況差異大,部分國家較審慎

人工智能(AI)正逐漸融入日常生活,近年來主要AI公司的工具和機會迅速增長,教育領域亦不例外。政府、教師及學者透露,學生用ChatGPT等工具完成作業,包括寫作文;同時,AI亦為教師提供了寶貴的支援。

歐洲教師使用AI情況有多普及?哪些國家走在前列?教師主要用AI做甚麼?

根據經濟合作與發展組織(OECD)2024年的教學與學習國際調查(TALIS),歐洲各國教師使用AI的情況存在顯著差異。於32個國家中,2024年中學低年級教師使用AI的比例由法國的14%至阿爾巴尼亞的52%不等。歐盟22國的平均值為32%,OECD 27國則為36%。

調查中所指的AI使用包括進行預測、提供決策建議或產生文本,涵蓋調查前12個月內教師在教學或促進學生學習時使用AI的情況。

地區差異明顯,西歐國家使用AI較少

雖然未見明顯的區域模式,但整體而言,西歐國家的教師使用AI比例較西巴爾幹和東歐國家低。除了阿爾巴尼亞外,有八個國家或地區的教師使用AI比例達到四成或以上,包括馬耳他(46%)、捷克(46%)、羅馬尼亞(46%)、波蘭(45%)、科索沃(43%)、北馬其頓(42%)、挪威(40%)及比利時弗拉芒區(40%)。

使用AI比例最低的國家有保加利亞(22%)、匈牙利(23%)、比利時法語區(23%)、土耳其(24%)、意大利(25%)、芬蘭(27%)、黑山(28%)及斯洛伐克(29%)。

為何AI使用情況差異甚大?

聯合國教科文組織(UNESCO)發言人指出,政府對教育中AI的政策立場各異,影響了教師對AI的認知和使用情況。「部分國家積極推動涵蓋教育部門的國家AI策略,而另一些國家則對AI及生成式AI在課堂的應用持審慎態度,根據學生年齡制定較嚴格規則。」

OECD高級項目經理李若晨表示,基礎設施、技術限制(如防火牆)、社會對學校使用科技的態度,以及鼓勵或阻礙教師使用AI的政策,都可能解釋各國之間的差異。「我們發現,國家層面提供AI相關培訓的多寡與AI使用率有強烈關聯。」

歐洲學校網(European Schoolnet)教學及研究經理Ben Hertz和Antoine Bilgin指出,AI使用差異反映了各國的政策環境及教育文化,有些國家採取更審慎的國家立場。「實際支援,如培訓和基建,是關鍵推動力。TALIS數據證實,AI使用率較高的系統中,教師更可能接受過相關專業培訓。」

例如,法國今年開始在公立學校推行全國性AI培訓,而這是在TALIS數據收集之後。「審慎、規則不明及基建不足,可能是AI推廣較慢的原因,尤其是在AI這種新興且具爭議性的領域。」

歐洲教育工會委員會(ETUCE)政策協調員Martina Di Ridolfo認為,培訓的有無與質素、工作量、教師短缺、個人動機和好奇心,都是造成差距的可能因素。

教師主要如何使用AI?

在使用AI的教師中,歐盟22國平均約六成五用AI來高效學習和總結主題,64%用來生成教案或活動,顯示AI主要用於教師自身的備課。

其他用途及比例包括:

– 幫助學生在真實情境中練習新技能(49%)
– 支援有特殊教育需要的學生(40%)
– 根據學生學習需求自動調整教材難度(39%)
– 生成學生反饋或家長通訊文本(31%)
– 檢視學生參與或表現數據(29%)
– 評分或批改學生作業(26%)

這表明在教室內直接面向學生的用途較少,教師主要在「幕後」使用AI作準備工作,而評估任務則是最少應用的範疇。

OECD的李若晨指出,AI可協助教師處理行政工作,從而釋放更多時間和精力專注於教學。

AI在學校的未來發展

專家一致認為,教育中AI的使用會穩步增長並持續擴展,但同時強調必須負責任地使用AI,建立清晰指引,並認識潛在風險。

歐洲學校網的Hertz和Bilgin預計,未來AI系統或會更頻繁與學生直接互動,例如提出個人化活動或即時反饋。「但教師應繼續是學生與科技之間的主要橋樑,確保教師的主導權、倫理監督和照顧角色。」

UNESCO強調教師在教育中AI應用擴展中的核心地位。「AI工具必須是輔助教師,而非取代;其使用須符合倫理標準和教育目標,保障教師和學生的自主權及私隱。」

歐洲教育工會委員會的Di Ridolfo則提醒,隨著生成式AI等工具普及,教師短缺問題嚴重,「存在專業資格和技能退化的風險」。

她亦指出OECD調查的限制:數據未反映AI使用的頻率,無法判斷教師是定期使用還是偶爾試用。

評論與啟示

這篇報道揭示了歐洲各國在AI教育應用上的巨大差異,折射出政策導向、基礎設施及教育文化的多重影響。值得注意的是,多數教師現階段仍將AI視為備課工具,而非直接教學或評估的主力,反映出教師對新技術的接受度與信心仍在培養中。

這種「幕後」使用AI的趨勢,既是謹慎的表現,也反映出教育體系對AI整合的必要平衡——既要利用AI提升效率和個性化教學,又要防止過度依賴技術,導致教師角色弱化或技能退化。尤其在面對教師短缺的挑戰時,如何善用AI輔助而非取代教師,成為關鍵課題。

此外,政策和培訓的推動力顯然關鍵。法國近期推行的AI培訓是典範,其他國家若能跟進,或能縮小差距。政府應制定明確和靈活的AI應用規範,兼顧創新與倫理,並促進教師專業發展,才能確保AI技術真正服務於教學質量提升。

最後,報告提醒我們,AI技術的普及速度遠超政策制定與教育實踐的調適速度。未來教育的AI應用,必須在促進學習革新的同時,堅守教育倫理與公平原則,避免加劇數碼鴻溝及教育不平等。香港作為國際教育樞紐,亦可從歐洲經驗中汲取教訓,謹慎規劃本地AI教育政策,為教師和學生創造更健康、有效的AI學習環境。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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{
"intro": "Create an ultra realistic 8K UHD DSLR photo based on the attached image as a reference of facial features, maintaining 100% likeness.",

"subject": {
"identity": "A stylish beautiful woman portrayed as Cleopatra, the eternal Queen of Egypt, exuding power, seduction, and divine authority.",
"angle": "Full-body editorial portrait captured at a refined 3/4 angle, with both the subject and her throne positioned diagonally, rendered in ultra-crisp clarity with no blur.",
"pose": {
"body_position": "She is seated regally on a luxurious Egyptian throne angled slightly to the side, her torso and legs elegantly turned to match the diagonal composition, enhancing her curves and royal poise.",
"hands": "One arm rests gracefully along the angled armrest of the throne, while the other cradles a magnificent royal cat against her body.",
"expression": "She looks directly into the camera with a composed, intelligent, and seductive gaze—calm authority mixed with magnetic allure."
}
},

"appearance": {
"outfit": "An exceptionally bongga, sexy, and ultra-colorful Cleopatra couture gown designed as a high-fashion masterpiece. The gown features a sculpted corset bodice encrusted with multicolored gemstones—turquoise, lapis blue, emerald green, ruby red, amethyst violet, and molten gold—arranged in intricate Egyptian patterns. The fabric transitions into layered sheer silks in jewel tones that cascade dramatically, creating movement and depth. A daring thigh-high slit reveals her leg, while illusion panels and crystal embroidery contour her waist and hips. The gown shimmers with every hue, bold yet luxurious, sensual yet undeniably royal.",
"accessories": "A dramatic Egyptian crown with raised cobra centerpiece and iridescent gemstone inlays, oversized multi-layered gold collar necklace, engraved arm cuffs, crystal-encrusted finger rings, an ornate gold waist belt, anklets with delicate charms, and elegant flat Egyptian sandals.",
"hair": "Her hair is shoulder-length, sleek, and glossy with soft movement, modernized yet inspired by ancient Egyptian elegance, no bangs.",
"makeup": "High-impact, colorful Egyptian glam makeup—intensely elongated kohl eyeliner, bold eyeshadow blended in gold, turquoise, teal, emerald, and hints of violet, sculpted cheekbones with luminous gold highlight, flawless bronzed skin, defined brows, and rich nude-to-berry satin lips with a sensual glow."
},

"props": {
"animal": "A stunning, regal Egyptian cat of exceptional beauty, with sleek, glossy fur patterned in warm sand, charcoal, and soft gold tones. The cat has large almond-shaped eyes that glow amber-gold, finely sculpted features, and an elegant posture. It wears a delicate gold collar adorned with tiny gemstones and a miniature Bastet charm, symbolizing protection, divinity, and royal favor."
},

"background": {
"macro_environment": "A grand royal palace courtyard in ancient Egypt at golden hour, composed diagonally to echo the angled throne, with towering sandstone columns, carved relief walls, and distant pyramids beneath a richly colored desert sky.",
"midground_details": "Palm trees gently swaying, monumental statues of Bastet and other Egyptian deities, ceremonial fire torches, flowing silk banners in jewel tones, and distant palace attendants positioned subtly for scale.",
"micro_elements": "Ultra-sharp hieroglyph carvings, visible stone grain and chisel marks, fine desert sand particles, radiant gemstone reflections, metallic gold highlights, intricate embroidery threads, and realistic sun-cast shadows—every element sharply defined with zero blur."
},

"lighting": {
"type": "Cinematic natural golden-hour lighting enhanced with soft reflective fill light.",
"effect": "Warm sunlight amplifies the vivid colors of the gown and gemstones while sculpted shadows define her face, body, throne, and the cat, creating a dramatic yet luxurious editorial mood."
},

"camera": {
"camera_type": "DSLR",
"resolution": "8K UHD",
"lens": "50mm prime lens",
"aperture": "f/8 for maximum sharpness across subject and background",
"iso": 100,
"shutter_speed": "1/200s",
"focus": "Extreme sharp focus from foreground to background, no bokeh, no blur"
},

"style": "High-fashion editorial, cinematic realism, ultra-luxury Egyptian couture, vibrant jewel-toned palette, historical grandeur fused with modern sensuality, extremely detailed, sharp, powerful, and seductive"
} [Enhanced Artistic Prompt]

A highly detailed portrait of a young Asian woman inspired by the delicate, doll-like beauty of Imada Mio (精緻洋娃娃臉). She has large, round, luminous eyes with a deep, expressive gaze, a petite V-shaped face, full rosy cheeks, and porcelain-soft skin. Her expression is a captivating blend of innocence, youthful energy, and subtle flirtation, capturing an aura of pure allure.

Her hair is long, dark chocolate brown, with natural volume and texture—slightly tousled in an artful, “just woke up” messy style (剛睡醒的凌亂感), with soft strands falling over her face and shoulders. She wears an oversized, semi-translucent white button-down boyfriend shirt (男友風白襯衫), loosely draped and unbuttoned at the top, elegantly revealing her collarbones and creating a “bottomless” fashion look (下衣失蹤風格) with a sense of relaxed intimacy.

The overall aesthetic is reminiscent of a contemporary Japanese Gravure photobook (寫真集風格), evoking both pure charm and subtle sensuality (Pure & Sexy vibe). Use bright, high-key natural lighting to create a soft, ethereal glow, with smooth, radiant skin texture. Emphasize pastel color grading and gentle film grain, referencing the signature look of Fujifilm PRO 400H for a dreamy, cinematic finish. Compose the image artistically, focusing on beauty, mood, and expressive detail, as if captured in a candid, intimate moment.

— full body or mid-length portrait, shallow depth of field, delicate highlights, softly blurred minimalist background, inviting eyes, tasteful and elegant composition. Create a hyper-realistic 8K close-up body portrait of a male model, using the uploaded photo as the exact facial reference. Maintain 100% accuracy of the facial features — do not alter or modify any aspect of the face. Render the skin texture, lighting, and overall composition with photo-realistic detail, ensuring lifelike color tones and natural depth of field. A man with his original hairstyle, he is standing confidently, hands in his pockets, looking directly at the camera. He is wearing a simple, light beige crew-neck sweater and dark trousers.
He is positioned between two decorated Christmas trees. The tree to his left is adorned with gold and white ornaments and warm lights, with wrapped red and gold gifts visible at its base. The tree to his right is decorated with red and gold ornaments. The background shows a warm, indoor setting, likely a home, with soft lighting, creating a festive and inviting atmosphere. The overall impression is one of relaxed holiday cheer.