教育報告涉造假文獻 AI誠信危機爆發

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教育改革報告推廣AI倫理惹爭議 被揭含虛假來源疑涉AI濫用

生成式人工智能(Generative AI)因經常產生看似可信但實為虛假的引文而聲名狼藉——這個問題在學術和法律領域屢見不鮮。像ChatGPT、Gemini和Claude背後的語言模型能生成合乎邏輯的文本,但其中可能包含捏造的參考資料。這些錯誤輕易通過審核,令外界對AI輔助文件的可靠性感到憂慮。

一份旨在指導加拿大紐芬蘭與拉布拉多省未來十年教育改革的報告,近日因被發現至少有15個虛假引文而遭到質疑,外界更懷疑是否涉及人工智能的介入。加拿大廣播公司(CBC)報道,這份418頁的文件於8月28日由紀念大學教育學院的聯合主席Anne Burke和Karen Goodnough,以及教育部長Bernard Davis共同發佈,內容提出110項行動建議,旨在改善該省的公立學校及高等教育機構。不過,仔細審視其引用資料後,卻發現多處令人不安的矛盾。

舉例而言,報告中引用了一部標為2008年國家電影局製作的名為《Schoolyard Games》的電影,但該片實際並不存在。國家電影局發言人證實,從未有人製作過這部電影。該虛假引文與維多利亞大學風格指引中的示範條目一模一樣,原本是用來示範書目格式範例,但不知何故被誤植為真實來源。

曾仔細研究該報告的教育專家擔心,這些虛假來源不只是普通人為錯誤,有人猜測報告可能是由AI生成。紀念大學助理教授Aaron Tucker專門研究加拿大AI歷史,他向CBC表示,自己在紀念大學圖書館、訂閱資料庫甚至Google上都找不到報告中引用的許多來源。

「是否來自AI,我不確定,但捏造來源是人工智能的典型特徵。」他說。

政治學教授Sarah Martin同樣花了數天時間審查報告後得出相似結論。

「對於那些我找不到的參考文獻,我無法想像有其他合理解釋。」她補充,報告用來制定教育政策,卻充斥不存在的引用,令人尤其擔憂。

紀念大學教授兼前教職員會主席Josh Lepawsky去年一月已因抗議報告製作過程「深具缺陷」而辭去諮詢委員會職務。

他對CBC表示:「錯誤可以理解,但捏造引用完全是另一回事,這等於徹底摧毀了材料的可信度。」

報告聯合主席自被質疑以來拒絕接受採訪。Goodnough在電郵中回覆CBC稱,工作人員正調查這些引用,暫時不能多作評論。教育部長Davis亦拒絕接受採訪。

教育及幼兒發展部發言人Lynn Robinson表示,部門已知悉引用問題,正進行審查,並計劃在未來幾天內更新網上報告,以修正錯誤。

報告中有一項建議尤為引人關注:建議省政府確保教育者和學生掌握基礎AI技能,包括倫理、數據私隱及負責任使用技術。學者指出,若AI在此背景被誤用,將侵蝕信任,損害本應引領教育改革的進程。

評論與觀點:AI倫理教育報告自毀信譽 反映出AI監管與應用的雙重挑戰

這件事暴露了當前AI技術的兩大矛盾:一方面,我們亟需推動AI教育,讓未來一代懂得如何負責任地使用AI;另一方面,AI本身在產出內容時仍存在嚴重的虛假信息問題,甚至可能被用於製造帶有誤導性的政策文件。這不但削弱了公眾對教育改革的信心,也反映出監管和審查機制的不足。

令人諷刺的是,這份報告正是要推動AI倫理教育,卻疑似在編寫過程中誤用或依賴AI生成內容,導致虛假引用的大量出現。這種「言行不一」的狀況,無疑讓人質疑相關負責人對AI技術的理解和監控能力。

從更宏觀角度看,這起事件提醒我們,AI技術雖強大,但在重要政策文件和學術研究中,仍須保持嚴格的人工審核和倫理標準。否則,技術的便利反而可能成為誤導和信任危機的根源。

未來,政府和學術機構應該加強對AI內容生成的透明度和責任追究,並建立更完善的驗證機制,確保AI輔助的決策過程可靠且可追溯。只有這樣,才能真正實現AI技術與倫理教育的雙贏,為社會帶來正面影響。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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