巴西提前調高拆解電動車進口關稅至35%




巴西提前調高拆解電動及混能車進口關稅

巴西貿易委員會Gecex-Camex於周三宣布,將提前實施對拆解電動車及混合動力車(CKD及SKD)進口關稅的加徵計劃。根據聲明,從2027年1月起,這類完全或部分拆解的車輛關稅將由現行的14%提升至35%,原本預計是在2028年7月才執行此調整。

此外,Gecex-Camex同時批准了一個價值4.63億美元的免稅配額,適用於CKD與SKD車輛進口,期限為六個月。

今年早些時候,中國電動車製造商比亞迪(BYD)曾申請臨時減免CKD及SKD進口關稅,但此舉引發了包括豐田、大眾、通用汽車及Stellantis在內的多家車企強烈反對。這四大車廠在本月初致函巴西總統盧拉,警告關稅減免可能危及他們在巴西的投資計劃。

在Gecex-Camex作出決定前,比亞迪則公開批評這四家傳統車企,形容他們如同「恐龍」,「只會看著天上的隕石」。

評論與分析

巴西政府此次提前調高拆解電動及混能車的進口關稅,反映出其保護本土汽車產業及推動產業升級的決心。關稅從14%升至35%,不但大幅增加進口成本,也將促使車廠重新評估供應鏈策略,甚至可能加速本地化組裝和生產的布局。

比亞迪作為新興電動車巨頭,積極爭取降低關稅以擴大市場份額,卻遭遇傳統車廠的聯合反對,這場「新勢力」與「舊勢力」的博弈,凸顯全球汽車產業正面臨深刻轉型的陣痛。比亞迪將傳統車企比喻為「恐龍」,語帶挑釁,也反映出電動車產業內部的競爭激烈與代際更迭的緊迫感。

對於巴西來說,如何在吸引外資與保護本土產業間取得平衡,是未來政策制定的關鍵。短期內提高關稅或許能保護本土產業,但過高的進口壁壘可能抑制市場競爭和創新,反而不利長遠發展。政府同時提供免稅配額,也顯示出嘗試在保護與開放之間尋找折衷方案。

整體而言,這次關稅政策調整不僅影響巴西國內汽車市場的競爭格局,也反映出全球汽車產業在電動化浪潮下的結構性變革。香港及其他市場的投資者和產業觀察者,應密切留意此類政策動向,因為它們往往是全球供應鏈重組和市場格局變遷的前兆。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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