川普簽署行政命令:加速深海採礦,抗衡中國礦產主導地位




特朗普簽署行政命令 推動深海礦業發展

路透社報道,美國總統特朗普於星期四簽署一項行政命令,旨在促進深海礦業產業發展,這是他最新嘗試加強美國對鎳、銅等關鍵礦物資源的獲取。這些礦物廣泛應用於電動車及電子產品等經濟領域。

該行政命令在特朗普私下簽署,目標是加快美國及國際水域的深海採礦,作為抵消中國對關鍵礦產行業龐大控制力的策略。路透社早前已報導該命令正處於審議階段。

據行政官員透露,太平洋部分海域及其他地區估計蘊藏大量被稱為多金屬結核的馬鈴薯形狀岩石,內含電動車及電子產品所需的重要礦物元素。美國水域內估計有超過10億公噸的這類結核,富含錳、鎳、銅及其他關鍵礦產。

提取這些資源有望在未來十年內推動美國國內生產總值增長3,000億美元,並創造約10萬個就業機會。

特朗普在行政命令中強調:「美國在深海科學技術及海床礦產資源領域維持領導地位,符合國家安全及經濟核心利益。」

行政命令指示政府加快根據1980年《深海硬礦資源法》核發採礦許可,並建立允許在美國外大陸架發放採礦許可的程序。同時,命令要求加快審批「國家管轄權外區域」的海床採礦許可,這一舉措預計將引發國際社會的摩擦。

由聯合國《海洋法公約》成立、而美國未批准的國際海床管理局(ISA),多年來一直在制定國際水域深海採礦標準,但因對採礦過程中產生的塵埃、噪音等環境問題存在分歧,尚未正式確立相關規範。

支持者認為深海採礦可減少對陸地大型礦場的依賴,而陸地採礦往往為當地社區所反對。環保團體則呼籲全面禁止此類活動,警告海底工業開採可能造成無法逆轉的生物多樣性損失。

綠色和平組織的Arlo Hemphill表示:「美國政府無權單方面允許一個產業摧毀全人類的共同遺產,為少數企業謀取利益而破壞深海。」

任何國家均可在其200海里領海範圍內允許深海採礦,已有多家公司積極申請開採美國水域的礦產資源。

本月早些時候,Impossible Metals向美國政府申請,要求開展商業拍賣,獲取美屬薩摩亞近海的鎳、鈷等關鍵礦產資源的開採權。

深海採礦領域著名企業The Metals Company(TMC)的股價於星期四大漲約40%,創52周新高3.39美元,受行政命令消息刺激。該公司CEO Gerard Barron表示:「在現有美國法律下擁有穩定、透明且可執行的監管路徑,我們期待負責任且經濟地推動全球首個商業性結核項目。」該項目位於夏威夷與墨西哥之間的克拉里恩-克利珀頓海盆。

除TMC外,其他有意深海採礦的公司還包括加州的Impossible Metals、俄羅斯JSC Yuzhmorgeologiya、牙買加Blue Minerals、中國五礦集團以及基里巴斯的Marawa Research and Exploration。

美國推動國內關鍵礦產開採

美國獲取關鍵礦物資源的渠道近月來因中國限制出口而減少,令華盛頓加緊支持國內礦產開採。

上週,特朗普政府加快審批全國10個礦業項目,並簡化聯邦土地礦業項目的批准流程。政府同時表示將批准美國最大銅礦之一的開發計劃。

行政命令中提及「稀土元素」一詞,泛指所有關鍵礦物,但官員澄清並不意味著政府認為海底結核中含有釹及其他16種稀土元素。

評論與啟示

特朗普此舉明顯是為了加強美國在全球關鍵礦產資源領域的競爭力,特別是在中美科技與經濟角力持續升溫的背景下。深海礦業被視為未來重要的資源來源,能為美國帶來龐大的經濟效益和戰略優勢。然而,這項政策也引發了嚴重的環境爭議,深海生態系統的脆弱性和人類活動帶來的潛在破壞尚未有明確的科學結論,國際社會亦未就如何規範深海採礦達成共識。

美國強行推進國家利益,甚至在國際法尚未完善的情況下加速開採,可能引發國際法與環境保護的雙重挑戰。這種單邊主義策略在短期內或許能提升國內產業,但長遠看,若忽視海洋生態保護,可能導致生物多樣性災難,反過來影響全球漁業與氣候系統,最終損害人類整體利益。

此外,深海礦業的技術和監管體系尚未成熟,倉促推動可能帶來監管漏洞和資源浪費。如何平衡經濟發展與環境保護,建立國際合作機制,將是未來深海礦業可持續發展的關鍵。美國若能在推動本國利益的同時,引領建立更完善的國際規範,或許能將競爭轉化為合作,推動全球資源利用走向更負責任的方向。

總括而言,這項行政命令不僅是經濟政策,更是地緣政治與環境治理的複雜交織,值得香港及全球讀者深入關注未來發展。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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Ultra-detailed pastel kawaii cosplay portrait of a woman [image uploaded] character, posed with hands gently pressed together under her chin in a soft, doll-like gesture; vivid long wavy hair in split-gradient lavender and pink with styled curled ends; straight bangs dyed pastel lavender; decorative accessories throughout the hair including pastel bows, lace ribbons, small charms, and a frilled white lace headpiece with pink accents; makeup: heavy kawaii style with saturated pink eyeshadow, pink blush extending across cheeks and nose, glossy pink lips, heart-shaped cheek stickers, and large contact-lens-enhanced eyes; outfit: pastel pink lace wrist cuffs with big bows and heart embellishments, soft pastel clothing with ribbons and frills; background: dreamy soft-focus bokeh in shimmering pink tones creating a magical fairytale atmosphere; lighting: bright soft diffused beauty lighting with zero harsh shadows, high exposure pastel glow, smooth porcelain skin texture, ultra-saturated colors, whimsical fantasy aesthetic, high-resolution portrait photography. Negative: no real-person likeness, no watermark, no text, no distortion, no extra limbs, no deformed face, no realism unless stylized, no background objects. An ultra realistic portrait of a young man (facial detail 100% matches with the reference photo) relaxing on a wooden balcony with a scenic view of green mountains in the background. Golden-hour sunlight from the left side creates a warm glow, soft highlights on his hair and shoulders, and a subtle sun flare. He is wearing a black t-shirt in a white shirt with long sleeve, a black ripped jeans and black white sport shoes. his short straight hair is blowing by the morning wind. He sits with his body slightly angled, shoulders turned to the right side of the frame, one leg casually folded up onto the chair.

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Camera angle is low angle level but slightly from the left side, creating a natural and intimate framing. Background is softly blurred with shallow depth of field, using a wide-aperture lens. Warm, earthy, soft color tones Create a sticker set maintaining 100% of the woman's original facial features from the provided image. Do not alter the face, focusing on ultra-realistic details of the facial structure, eyes, eyebrows, nose, mouth, and expression. The final face must be realistic, not cartoon-like. She has long, voluminous hair.
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