威斯康辛州將推動AI監管與發展建議

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威斯康辛州人工智能研究委員會考慮向立法者提出潛在建議

威斯康辛州的一個研究委員會於週四會議上討論了人工智能的監管以及向州立法機構建議的投資方案。該委員會包括四位立法者——共和黨參議員朱利安·布拉德利(Julian Bradley)、共和黨眾議員大衛·阿姆斯特朗(David Armstrong)、民主黨參議員蒂姆·卡朋特(Tim Carpenter)和民主黨眾議員克林頓·安德森(Clinton Anderson),以及八位公眾成員。自七月以來,委員會每月開會,聽取各方利益相關者的意見,探討人工智能在州內的應用現狀、可能出現的問題及解決方案,以及州政府如何利用潛在的好處。

這個研究委員會是威斯康辛州政府和商業領導者面對人工智能技術日益增長的使用和持續進步所做的最新努力。州長托尼·埃弗斯(Tony Evers)和眾議院議長羅賓·沃斯(Robin Vos)在過去一年中組織了專責小組來應對這一問題。

布拉德利在會議結束時指出,許多討論的問題在未來仍需要立法者和公眾的持續關注,因為人工智能技術將繼續發展並成為威斯康辛州人生活中更重要的一部分。委員會正在考慮建議成立一個持續的、更加常設的機構,來在成員們今年的工作結束後繼續研究人工智能。

潛在的監管和州政府應用

在會議中,委員會考慮了多項針對人工智能使用的監管建議,以保護消費者並探討州政府如何與人工智能的存在互動。其中一項最初提出的概念是,將現有的州法律適用於人工智能模型,就像這些法律適用於人類一樣,包括在虛假信息、冒名頂替及創建和分發假圖像方面。

「對於人類來說違法的任何事情,對於人工智能來說也應該是違法的——這是一個一般原則,」MKE科技中心聯盟的首席執行官凱西·亨里奇(Kathy Henrich)在會議中表示。

威斯康辛州已經出台了兩項法律來規範人工智能的使用:2023年威斯康辛法案123要求在政治廣告中披露生成性人工智能的使用,2023年威斯康辛法案224則在州內創建了一種新罪行,禁止擁有虛擬兒童色情和可能由生成性人工智能創造的淫穢材料。

亨里奇承認,這可能是一個複雜的問題,因為任何法律都需要能夠確定可責任方。「是開發者?實施者?消費者?」亨里奇說。「細節將決定我們如何確保真正考慮到如何追究責任及責任所在。」

強調數據隱私的立法

委員會的成員還提出了其他幾個問題,包括要求標明使用人工智能的通信、探討大型語言模型算法中可能存在的偏見,以及要求公司發布清晰的人工智能指導方針和原則。安德森認為,在與公眾溝通時要求標明使用人工智能的內容將是最佳做法。「我認為我能夠很好地辨別人工智能的使用,但我想到我的父親,他絕對無法判斷什麼是人工智能,什麼不是……所以,確保我們保護公眾,讓他們了解這一點,」安德森說。

亨里奇警告說,這樣的立法可能會設置不良先例,會使人們減少使用自己的判斷能力來確定是否使用了人工智能。「如果你立法要求標明這些為人工智能,人們將會被訓練成為相信任何標記為人工智能的東西都是人工智能,而未標記的則是人類,」亨里奇說。「如果我是壞人,我更可能不標記,因此我更可能會被那些可能以錯誤方式使用人工智能的壞人所欺騙。」

潛在的人工智能投資

委員會還考慮了州政府可以投資的潛在領域,以支持大學、技術學院、企業和其他利益相關者在人工智能相關的持續教育、創新和整合方面。委員會可能建議擴大由威斯康辛州勞動力發展部管理的「快速推進」(Fast Forward)計劃,該計劃為雇主提供資助以培訓工人,並專門撥款以學習如何與人工智能合作,並要求學生修讀計算機科學和統計課程。

亨里奇表示,投資於教導人們與人工智能相關的技能可能至關重要,因為這項技術可能影響就業市場,並通過快速推進計劃以及技術學院和大學實現。「我見證了市場動態的運行,儘管人們想說每個人都會在長期內有工作,但我堅信,中間會出現擾動,因為人工智能的實施,正常的市場動態將會導致節省成本,可能會導致人們失去角色,」亨里奇說。「前期投資讓人們理解人工智能,以便他們保持可就業技能,將非常關鍵。」

亨里奇指出,可能需要對快速推進的立法進行修改,以使其適用於人工智能。委員會討論的兩個潛在建議涉及對企業的激勵措施,包括減稅和資助或循環貸款計劃。

阿姆斯特朗建議,立法者可以考慮創建一個計劃,為小型製造商通過循環貸款基金或小額資助提供激勵,以採納自動化和人工智能。他表示,他對該州小型製造商進行的調查發現,許多企業目前並未真正探索人工智能的使用。「只有4%的人目前在考慮人工智能,」阿姆斯特朗說。「當我開始與他們交談時,他們表示我們根本不知道從哪裡開始……他們希望公司內部有一個人對人工智能的潛力產生興趣,然後我認為你就會有一位能夠推進的推動者。這是一種可能的啟動方式。」

最後,亨里奇和阿姆斯特朗的討論突顯了在快速變化的技術環境中,立法者面臨的挑戰與機會。無論是人工智能的監管還是對其發展的投資,關鍵在於保持靈活性和適應性,以應對未來的挑戰。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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