好市多巧克力財務警號:負面展望嚟緊!




標準普爾環球評級將好時公司展望調降至負面,因槓桿率上升及盈利能力放緩

標準普爾環球評級(S&P Global Ratings)近日調整美國糖果巨頭好時公司(The Hershey Co.,紐約證券交易所代號:HSY)的信用展望,由「穩定」下調至「負面」,主因是公司槓桿率持續攀升以及盈利能力減弱。評級調整主要受高企的可可豆成本及公司持續進行收購所影響。好時公司的槓桿率預計將在2025財政年度末升至中位數約2倍水平。不過,其「A」級發行人信用評級及「A-1」短期及商業票據評級則獲得確認。

槓桿率升高風險或導致評級下調

此次負面展望反映出若好時公司未能在未來24個月內將槓桿率恢復至低於2倍水平,可能面臨評級下調的風險。由於高昂的可可成本及未來收購計劃,槓桿率或將長期維持於歷史較高水平。根據公司計劃收購LesserEvil這宗7.5億美元交易的前提下,預測其合併後槓桿率將由2025年3月31日的1.8倍升至同年財政年度末約2.6倍。

可可價格飆升拖累盈利能力

近年來,可可價格大幅上升,2024年一度突破每噸12,000美元,全年大部分時間維持在7,000美元以上。儘管好時採取避險策略,標準普爾調整後的息稅折舊攤銷前利潤率(EBITDA margin)預計在2025財政年度將收縮超過700個基點。

推高可可價格的因素包括西非地區的農作物病害、惡劣天氣,以及象牙海岸和迦納等主要產地的政府政策失誤和投資不足。2025年5月,可可價格更回升至每噸11,000美元以上,而3月時一度跌破8,000美元。

好時積極應對成本壓力及市場挑戰

面對高昂的原材料成本,好時公司正透過提升生產力、調整價格、創新產品及尋找新供應來源等策略來緩解影響。公司於2024年初推出的「提升敏捷與自動化」(Advancing Agility & Automation,簡稱AAA)計劃,預計2025年可節省1.25億美元成本,並在2026年繼續帶來額外節省。

不過,宏觀經濟環境的惡化可能限制好時提高產品價格的能力。若經濟狀況持續疲弱,公司將難以將成本壓力完全轉嫁給消費者。

收購策略及關稅風險

儘管槓桿率上升,好時仍積極尋求收購機會,特別是擴展巧克力以外的零食產品組合。2025年4月,公司宣布斥資7.5億美元收購有機爆米花及健康零食製造商LesserEvil。

此外,潛在的關稅風險亦不容忽視。2025年第三及第四季度,好時可能每季面臨約1億美元的未能緩解關稅暴露。公司正與前特朗普政府接觸,尋求可可進口關稅豁免。標準普爾指出,美國政府政策執行及相關反應高度不確定,令其基準預測存在相當風險。

評級未來走向取決於槓桿率及市場狀況

若好時未能在24個月內將槓桿率降至低於2倍水平,且受到持續高可可成本、關稅上升或營運表現惡化影響,評級可能被下調。反之,若公司成功減槓桿、可可價格回落、能有效將價格調整轉嫁至消費者,或宏觀經濟狀況改善,展望或可回復至穩定。

編者觀點:好時的挑戰與機遇並存,槓桿率管理成關鍵

好時公司作為全球知名的巧克力及零食品牌,正面臨多重考驗。全球可可價格飆升反映出供應鏈結構性問題,尤其是西非產區的氣候與政策風險,這不僅影響原材料成本,更挑戰企業的盈利模式。雖然好時積極推行自動化及敏捷計劃以提升效率,短期內仍難完全抵銷成本上升的壓力。

同時,公司持續擴大產品組合,尤其是向健康零食市場延伸,這是應對消費者口味多元化以及減少對巧克力依賴的明智策略。然而,這些收購行動必然推高槓桿率,令財務風險上升,若未能有效管理,將影響信用評級及市場信心。

此外,宏觀經濟的不確定性,尤其是潛在關稅風險及消費者購買力下滑,均對好時能否成功轉嫁成本形成挑戰。企業未來的關鍵在於如何在保持創新與市場擴張的同時,嚴控財務槓桿,靈活應對全球市場波動。對投資者而言,雖然好時品牌具備長期價值,但短期內需密切留意其財務健康狀況及成本壓力的變化。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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