奇貨可居——一位商人的政治豪賭




問題一:試用現代商業術語,解釋呂不諱點樣將秦王子異人視為「奇貨可居」,並進行投資操作?

呂不諱憑藉一場世紀豪賭,不僅改變咗自己嘅命運,更一手將秦始皇推向統一天下嘅舞台。

學習路徑

  • 第一課:奇貨可居——一位商人的政治豪賭
  • 第二課:權力巔峰——從商人到相國的轉變
  • 第三課:功成身退?——一場豪賭的悲劇結局

第一課:奇貨可居——一位商人的政治豪賭

大家好!我哋今天用費曼教學法,嚟拆解一個歷史上最成功嘅「風險投資家」——呂不諱。你哋可以咁樣諗:如果人生係一場賭局,呂不諱唔單止係賭神,佢仲係莊家!

首先,我哋要知呂不諱係邊個。佢唔係將軍,唔係貴族,佢嘅身份係「商人」。喺戰國時代,商人地位好低,俾人睇不起,好似而家啲人覺得「無官一身輕,有錢萬事難」咁。但呂不諱唔同,佢有雙銳利嘅眼,識得睇「潛力股」。

佢點做到呢?有一次,佢去趙國首都邯鄲做生意,見到一個人,呢個人係秦國嘅王子,叫「異人」(後來改名子楚)。但呢個王子唔係皇帝最疼嘅仔,反而俾人送到敵國趙國做人質,生活潦倒,過得比平民仲慘。啲人見到佢都避开,覺得佢係「垃圾股」。但呂不諱見到佢,眼珠一轉,講咗一句流芳百世嘅話:「此奇貨可居!」

「奇貨可居」係咩意思?就好似你喺跳蚤市場見到一個蒙塵嘅舊花瓶,個老闆話十蚊賣你。但憑你嘅專業眼光,你認為呢個係明朝古董,值一百萬!你會唔會買?絕對會!呂不諱就係咁樣睇異人。佢唔係睇一個王子,而係睇緊一個「未來嘅秦國皇帝」。

接下嚟,佢嘅操作就係教科書級別嘅「併購」。第一步:注入資金。佢俾錢異人,令佢可以改善生活,結交朋友,建立聲譽。第二步:打通關節。佢帶著珍寶去秦國,買通咗最受寵、但無子嘅華陽夫人。佢同華陽夫人講:「妳而家得寵,但無仔,年老色衰就會失勢。不如認異人做仔,幫佢爭取太子之位,咁妳未來就係太后,一生榮華富貴。」呢個說話直擊要害!華陽夫人即刻聽咗。第三步:品牌包裝。佢叫異人著楚國服裝,因華陽夫人係楚國人,成功博取佢歡心。最後,異人成功返國,並登上王位,成為秦莊襄王。

總結第一課:呂不諱將做生意嘅邏輯——投資、風險評估、市場分析、人脈經營——完美應用喺政治上。佢用金錢做槓桿,撬動咗一個國家嘅權力核心。佢嘅生平教曉我哋:價值係可以發現同創造嘅,有時,最大嘅機會就喺最不起眼嘅地方。

思考題: 問題一:試用現代商業術語,解釋呂不諱點樣將秦王子異人視為「奇貨可居」,並進行投資操作?

第二課:權力巔峰——從商人到相國的轉變

上一堂我哋見證咗呂不諱嘅成功投資。今堂我哋睇下佢點樣「收成」,以及成為一人之下、萬萬人之上嘅相國之後,佢做咗啲咩。

可以咁比喻:呂不諱好似一個創業者,佢投資嘅「初創公司」(異人)成功「上市」(當上秦王)咁。作為最大股東兼CEO,呂不諱自然得到最大回報。秦莊襄王一登基,即刻封呂不諱做丞相,封文信侯,食邑十萬戶,權傾朝野。佢完成咗從商人到政治家嘅華麗轉身。

但呂不諱唔係一個滿足於權力同財富嘅人。佢有更大嘅野心,或者可以話係「政治哲學」。佢將自己嘅相國府,打造成咗一個戰國時代嘅「智庫」或「研究院」。佢做嘅最重要一件事,就係招攬三千食客。

「食客」係咩?你唔好以為係幫手煮飯嘅廚師。喺戰國,養食客係貴族同大官展現實力同招攬人才嘅方式。呢啲食客包羅萬有,有學者、謀士、劍客、辯論家,甚至有逃犯。佢哋就好似一個龐大嘅「人才庫」,等老闆隨時調用。呂不諱嘅「研究院」裡面,匯集了當時最頂尖嘅頭腦。

佢要呢啲頭腦做咩?佢俾佢哋一個宏大嘅任務:將當時天下所有嘅知識,無論係農業、哲學、軍事、醫學,定係天文地理,全部記錄落嚟,整理成書。呢個計劃嘅產物,就係著名嘅《呂氏春秋》。

《呂氏春秋》就好似一部「戰國時代嘅維基百科」。佢嘅目標唔係簡單嘅資料堆砌,而係要建立一個完美嘅治國藍圖。呂不諱嘅政治哲學就藏喺入面。佢認為,一個理想嘅國家,應該兼採百家之長,唔可以獨尊儒術,或者純用法家。佢要嘅係一個「混合型」嘅管理系統,好似而家嘅企業管理,既要KPI(法家嘅獎罰),又要企業文化(儒家嘅仁愛),又要創新思維(道家嘅無為)。

所以,呂不諱嘅權力巔峰,唔係享受榮華富貴,而係利用佢嘅權力同財富,去完成一個文化上嘅偉大工程。佢嘅相國府,唔係權力嘅象徵,而係知識嘅殿堂。佢嘅做法,展現咗一種超越時代嘅遠見:國家嘅強盛,根基喺知識同制度,而唔係單純嘅武力。

思考題: 問題二:為何呂不諱要花費巨資編撰《呂氏春秋》?呢部書反映咗佢點樣嘅治國理念?

第三課:功成身退?——一場豪賭的悲劇結局

上兩堂我哋睇到呂不諱嘅崛起同成就,好似一個完美嘅英雄傳奇。但今堂,我哋要面對呢個故事最殘酷、最引人深思嘅結局。成功嘅投資者,最終點樣會輸俾自己投資嘅「資產」?

首先,我哋要介紹一個關鍵人物——嬴政,就係後嚟嘅秦始皇。佢係秦莊襄王(異人)同趙姬(呂不諱送畀異人嘅舞女)嘅仔。根據史記記載,趙姬原本係呂不諱嘅姬妾,異人鍾意佢,呂不諱就「獻」咗畀異人。但一個謠言一直流傳:嬴政其實係呂不諱嘅親生仔。

呢個謠言係咪真相,已經無人知。但佢成為咗呂不諱悲劇嘅根源。可以咁樣理解:你投資咗一間公司,將最好嘅資源(包括你嘅「女朋友」)都俾咗佢,最後公司上市,新任CEO(嬴政)係咪你個仔?如果係,你係咪相當於控制咗整個帝國?但萬一呢個「仔」知唔知真相?佢會感激你,定係覺得你係一個威脅?

嬴政就係咁一個極度多疑、控制慾極強嘅人。佢年少繼位,呂不諱做「仲父」(相當於攝政王),權力大到頂點。但隨住嬴政慢慢長大,佢對呂不諱嘅忌讳越來越深。呂不諱仲犯咗一個致命錯誤——同嬴政嘅母后趙姬有染,甚至仲引入一個叫嫪毐嘅假太監,俾佢掌權,仲生咗兩個仔。呢個行為,喺任何一個皇帝眼中,都係不可饒恕嘅背叛。

就好似你做一個家族企業嘅CEO,你唔單止想控制公司,仲想同老闆媽咪一齊搞外遇,甚至想扶植自己嘅私生子上位。咁樣嘅行為,簡直係自尋死路。

結果,嫪毐嘅陰謀被揭發,嬴政發動政變,車裂嫪毐,殺死佢同趙姬嘅兩個仔。呂不諱雖然因為過往功勞而免死,但被免去所有官職,遣返封地。一個曾經權傾朝野嘅人,最後喺憂慮同恐懼中飲毒自殺。佢一手扶植起嚟嘅「奇貨」,最終變成將佢吞噬嘅猛獸。

咁呂不諱嘅政治哲學,最終失敗咗嗎?未必。佢嘅失敗,恰恰印證咗權力嘅本質:權力係零和遊戲,一山不容二虎。佢嘅哲學追求一種理想化嘅融合治理,但現實政治往往係赤裸裸嘅權力鬥爭。佢嘅《呂氏春秋》為後世提供咗寶貴嘅思想藍圖,但佢本人,卻成為咗權力遊戲嘅犧牲品。

總結:呂不諱嘅一生,係一部關於投資、權力、智慧同人性嘅宏大史詩。佢教曉我哋,識得投資係智慧,但識得喺最高峰時激流勇退,可能係更高嘅智慧。

思考題: 問題三:綜合呂不諱嘅一生,你認為佢嘅成功主要歸功於佢嘅商業頭腦,定係政治遠見?佢嘅悲劇結局,又帶出咗咩樣深刻嘅權力法則?


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