參議員促特朗普收緊高階AI晶片出口中國政策

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參議院民主黨高層致函特朗普 警告重新考慮向中國出售先進AI晶片

六位參議院民主黨高層於週五公開致函美國總統特朗普,敦促他重新審視允許科技巨頭Nvidia及AMD向中國銷售先進人工智能(AI)晶片的決定。根據特朗普8月11日的公告,Nvidia和AMD將向中國出口AI晶片,並向美國政府支付銷售收入15%的分成以換取出口許可。

這封由參議員舒默(Chuck Schumer)、華納(Mark Warner)、里德(Jack Reed)、沙欣(Jeanne Shaheen)、庫恩斯(Christopher Coons)及沃倫(Elizabeth Warren)聯署的公開信中,明確指出此舉「違背美國國家安全利益」。信中強調,美國的國防和軍事準備依賴本土創新者在全球維持技術優勢,而這種優勢部分來自於拒絕敵對國家接觸關鍵技術。

民主黨參議員警告,將美國的競爭優勢「以銷售佣金形式」讓渡給主要競爭對手中國,令人極為擔憂。他們特別點名Nvidia的H20晶片和AMD的MI308晶片,擔心這些先進AI晶片可能被用於強化中國的軍事系統。對此,Nvidia回應稱H20晶片不會提升任何國家的軍事能力,反而有助美國吸引全球開發者支持,贏得AI競賽;禁止H20晶片反而令美國納稅人損失數十億美元,無任何益處。

此外,民主黨參議員要求政府於8月22日前,詳細回應目前涉及Nvidia和AMD的銷售協議,以及是否有其他類似交易正在洽談中,並再次敦促政府盡快撤回此「魯莽計劃」,避免出賣美國的技術領導地位。

雖然特朗普已允許晶片銷售恢復,但中國方面似乎並不熱烈歡迎Nvidia重返市場。彭博社報道,中國正敦促本土科技企業避免採購美國公司晶片,甚至有消息指部分企業被禁止繼續下訂單購買H20晶片。據伯恩斯坦資深分析師林慶遠透露,這已成為一項嚴格命令。另有報導稱,中國監管機構已要求包括字節跳動、阿里巴巴和騰訊等大型科技公司暫停購買Nvidia晶片,直至國家安全審查完成。

目前白宮及AMD未對此事作出回應。

評論與啟示

這封公開信反映出美國國會對於高科技出口政策的深刻擔憂,尤其是在全球AI競爭日益激烈的背景下。技術領先不僅是經濟競爭力的象徵,更是國家安全的核心。民主黨參議員的立場凸顯出兩黨在科技出口管控上的嚴峻分歧,而特朗普政府試圖以經濟收益換取部分控制權的做法,則引發了對長遠戰略風險的質疑。

中國方面的反應亦值得關注。儘管獲批出口,國內卻出現限制購買的政策,顯示中國在全球科技競爭中的複雜心態——一方面渴望取得先進技術,另一方面又擔憂被美國技術牽制,故試圖透過國家安全審查加強內控。這種矛盾態度反映出全球科技供應鏈的政治化趨勢愈加明顯。

對香港及全球讀者而言,這場美中科技角力不僅是國際政治新聞,更預示著未來科技產業鏈的重塑。企業在全球市場中的角色與責任日益受到政治力場影響,投資者和從業者需密切關注政策變化,靈活調整策略。此外,這也提醒我們,科技創新須與國家安全政策緊密結合,單純追求經濟利益可能帶來難以估量的風險。

總括而言,這次事件是科技與地緣政治交織的典範,未來全球AI和半導體產業的發展將更加複雜且充滿不確定性,值得持續關注。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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