加拿大海斯拉族如何成為全球首個原住民液化天然氣(LNG)業主
加拿大不列顛哥倫比亞省基蒂馬特附近,耗資40億美元的Cedar LNG出口項目,由海斯拉族(Haisla First Nation)擁有50.1%股權,加拿大卡加利的Pembina Pipeline持有其餘股份。這個項目是全球首個由原住民佔多數股權的液化天然氣設施,預計2028年投產,對海斯拉族未來發展具有深遠影響,也成為加拿大在減少對美國出口依賴、開拓亞洲市場的試金石。
海斯拉族在加拿大西北海岸已居住逾九千年,這次項目推動過程獨特且具挑戰。海斯拉族新任酋長莫琳·奈斯(Maureen Nyce)親身視察工地時,戴著安全帽和反光背心,身份不再是訪客或文化使者,而是實際的業主。
這個項目成功關鍵之一,是2018年海斯拉族取得每天4億立方呎的Coastal GasLink管道運能,該管道長670公里,連接至Shell主導的LNG Canada設施。LNG Canada同樣坐落於海斯拉土地上,Shell及其他支持者自2013年起與海斯拉族展開諮詢,爭取支持。雖然社區早期對環境影響有疑慮,但多數海斯拉族認為工業發展不可避免,面對選擇是「加入」還是「落後」。
當時海斯拉族商業發展官戴夫·拉瓦利(Dave LaVallie)建議部落理事會,不僅要爭取LNG Canada的直接現金支付,更要爭取Coastal GasLink管道的運輸權,為自己建設LNG設施鋪路。Pembina Pipeline在俄勒岡州Jordan Cove LNG項目因反對而取消後,尋找新機會,正好看中海斯拉族已確保的管道運能及社區支持。Pembina高級副總裁斯圖·泰勒(Stu Taylor)表示,企業最重視的是確定性,海斯拉族起初選了較小的開發商,但後來認識到需要更有財力的合作夥伴,於2021年與Pembina簽訂合作協議,這是Pembina首次與原住民社區達成股權合作。
Cedar LNG董事會由4名海斯拉族代表及4名Pembina代表組成。加拿大總理馬克·卡尼鼓勵與原住民合作,有助項目獲得監管批准。全國有73%的大型資源及能源項目位於或經過原住民領地附近。然而,原住民擁有股權不一定能阻止反對聲浪,部分合作案仍告吹。2月,管道營運商TC Energy因未公開原因取消向原住民社區出售10億加元少數股權的交易。鄰近的Ksi Lisims LNG項目則面臨部分原住民團體阻撓,反對者擔心生態受損並持續抗爭。
海斯拉族與Pembina團隊緊密合作籌措資金,60%靠銀行組成的貸款聯貸,40%由雙方股權融資。海斯拉族向第一民族金融管理局(First Nations Finance Authority)借款14億加元,為該機構迄今最大貸款,也是加拿大原住民歷來最大貸款之一。去年部落投票中逾93%成員支持借貸推進項目。
奈斯酋長未透露項目預期收益,但表示要至少10年才能開始有顯著收入,現階段仍需還債。她與理事會正規劃改善住房、教育培訓、醫療及社會支援,強調這是海斯拉族的土地,項目結束後族人仍將繼續存在。
—
評論與思考
海斯拉族成為全球首個原住民控股的LNG項目業主,標誌著原住民在資源開發領域中主動爭取經濟自主權的重大突破。傳統上,能源企業主導與原住民的合作談判,海斯拉族這次反轉局面,從被動接受到主動掌控,展示了原住民社區如何利用現有資源和政策環境,爭取更公平的利益分配。
然而,這種模式的成功並非易事,既要兼顧經濟發展,也要解決環境保護和社區意見分歧。海斯拉族能取得壓倒性支持,反映了他們在內部建立了共識與願景。相較之下,其他項目如Ksi Lisims LNG面對分裂的原住民意見,顯示出原住民社區內部對能源開發的態度仍有差異。
此外,巨額貸款的取得凸顯原住民社區在融資能力上的提升,但長期債務壓力亦不可忽視。海斯拉族必須在未來十年內確保項目成功,才能實現經濟回報並改善生活條件。
對加拿大整體能源政策而言,推動原住民參與不僅是社會正義的體現,也是確保項目順利推進、減少抗爭風險的策略。這種合作模式或能成為全球其他資源豐富國家的參考範本。但如何平衡原住民權益、環境可持續及經濟效益,仍是未來挑戰。
總括來說,海斯拉族的案例展示了原住民在新時代能源經濟中,不再是邊緣角色,而是具備實權的合作夥伴與業主。這不僅是經濟層面,也是文化與身份認同的重大勝利,值得香港及全球關注原住民議題的讀者深思。
以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

![[Subject]: Young Asian female with "Imada Mio-inspired" doll-like aesthetic (精緻洋娃娃臉). She has large round expressive eyes, a small V-line face, and rosy cheeks. Her expression is innocent, energetic, and slightly flirty. [Hair]: Messy morning hair (剛睡醒的凌亂感), long dark brown hair, slightly tousled, natural volume. [Outfit]: Wearing an oversized translucent white button-down shirt (男友風白襯衫), unbuttoned at the top to reveal collarbones, creating a "bottomless" look (下衣失蹤風格). [Style]: Japanese Gravure Photobook style (寫真集風格), Pure & Sexy vibe, bright high-key lighting, soft skin texture, Fujifilm PRO 400H color tone.](https://ssfuture.shop/wp-content/uploads/ai_gen_1764994293-300x300.png)
![{
"intro": "Create an ultra realistic 8K UHD DSLR photo based on the attached image as a reference of facial features, maintaining 100% likeness.",
"subject": {
"identity": "A stylish beautiful woman portrayed as Cleopatra performing a sacred night-time royal dance, embodying divine seduction, power, and celestial authority.",
"angle": "Full-body high-fashion editorial portrait captured at a cinematic 3/4 angle, ultra-crisp clarity with no blur.",
"pose": {
"body_position": "She is captured mid-dance inside a temple courtyard at night, her body angled gracefully, hips grounded, torso lifted, creating a powerful and sensual silhouette.",
"movement": "Her arms are raised in slow ceremonial motion while one leg steps forward, fully revealing her feet and lower legs as part of the ritual stance.",
"expression": "A calm, hypnotic, commanding gaze directed toward the camera—quiet dominance wrapped in sensual mystery."
}
},
"appearance": {
"outfit": "An ultra-bongga Cleopatra couture gown with an all-crystal bodice that fits like jeweled armor. Thousands of hand-set crystals, diamonds, and glass stones in gold, champagne, clear, and iridescent tones form sacred Egyptian motifs—cobras, sun disks, lotus symbols—entirely through crystal placement. The neckline is daring yet elegant, supported by invisible illusion mesh. From the waist, the skirt opens into flowing sheer silk and organza panels in ivory and soft gold, designed with a high front opening that intentionally exposes her legs and feet during movement. Crystal chains and beaded fringe sway rhythmically with every step, enhancing sensual motion.",
"accessories": "A dramatic Egyptian ceremonial headpiece with gold and crystal detailing, an oversized layered gold collar necklace, sculpted crystal arm cuffs, finger armor rings, a crystal-and-gold waist belt, and delicate gold anklets accentuating her bare feet.",
"hair": "Her hair is sleek, glossy, and perfectly controlled, styled to balance the weight of the crystal headpiece while allowing elegant movement.",
"makeup": "Ultra-glam, colorful Egyptian night makeup—bold elongated black kohl eyeliner, intense eyeshadow layered in turquoise, emerald, sapphire blue, violet, and metallic gold. Beneath the eyes, intricate ceremonial ink drawings in fine black and gold lines inspired by ancient Egyptian markings. Skin is luminous with molten-gold highlights, brows strong and defined, lips finished in a sensual nude-bronze satin."
},
"props": {
"ritual_elements": [
"Burning incense bowls releasing thick aromatic smoke",
"Golden sistrum placed near the dance space",
"Tall ceremonial torches lining the temple floor"
]
},
"background": {
"macro_environment": "A grand ancient Egyptian temple courtyard at night, reserved for sacred royal rituals.",
"midground_details": "Towering sandstone columns, massive statues of Isis and Hathor, carved temple walls, flowing linen drapes, and ceremonial platforms illuminated by firelight.",
"micro_elements": "Torch flames reflecting off crystal surfaces, fine dust particles glowing in the night air, incense smoke wrapping around her legs and feet, detailed stone floor textures beneath her bare feet, crystal fringe in motion, and sharply defined shadows—everything rendered in extreme detail with zero blur."
},
"lighting": {
"type": "Cinematic night lighting using torches, oil lamps, and subtle moonlight.",
"effect": "Firelight ignites the crystal bodice with prismatic sparkle while moonlight softly outlines her legs and feet, creating a dramatic, sensual, and divine atmosphere."
},
"camera": {
"camera_type": "DSLR",
"resolution": "8K UHD",
"lens": "50mm prime lens",
"aperture": "f/8 for full-body and environment sharpness",
"iso": 100,
"shutter_speed": "1/200s to freeze elegant motion clearly",
"focus": "Extreme sharp focus on crystal bodice, facial features, legs, feet, and temple details, no bokeh, no blur"
},
"style": "Ultra high-fashion editorial, night temple ritual, all-crystal couture, sexy yet sacred, ancient Egyptian royalty reimagined, cinematic realism, extremely detailed, sharp, iconic"
}](https://ssfuture.shop/wp-content/uploads/ai_gen_1766006158-167x300.png)