加州新稅惹富豪威脅大逃亡?




加州加稅後加密富豪威脅離開:究竟係唬人定真有其事?

加州嘅加密貨幣億萬富翁近日威脅話,如果新稅制落實佢哋就會離開,但究竟佢哋係真係準備執行呢個承諾,定只係口頭威嚇,令外界擔心加州可能面臨財富外流?

加州一個主要工會——國際服務員工聯盟(SEIU)旗下嘅聯合醫療工作者西部分會,喺2025年11月提出一項針對資產超過10億美元居民徵收5%資產稅嘅倡議。呢項新稅預計可為加州帶來約1000億美元收入,主要用以彌補聯邦政府削減嘅州醫療保健資金。呢項措施需要收集85萬個簽名,先可以喺2026年11月嘅選舉中交由公眾投票。

加州嘅知名投資者同億萬富翁,例如PayPal聯合創辦人Peter Thiel同Google聯合創辦人Larry Page,都已經公開表示可能會搬離加州。其他人則擔心,若果億萬富翁大規模離開,會令州政府失去重要嘅稅收來源。

不過,過往經驗顯示,富豪因稅務問題威脅離開嘅情況並非新鮮事,亦有不少分析認為,呢啲威脅可能只係虛張聲勢。

加密富豪「暗中商討」離開加州

聯盟喺11月26日提交嘅提案中,除咗5%資產稅外,仲建議對淨資產超過200億美元嘅居民徵收一次性10億美元稅款。呢種基於財富而非收入嘅徵稅,實際上係對未實現收益徵稅。

加州嘅加密貨幣界、科技界同風險投資界嘅重量級人物紛紛發聲反對。

加密貨幣交易所Kraken嘅聯合創辦人兼主席Jesse Powell形容呢項措施係「偷竊」,佢話:「呢個稅將會係壓垮駱駝嘅最後一根稻草。億萬富翁會帶走佢哋嘅消費、興趣、慈善同工作機會。」

Bitwise嘅行政總裁Hunter Horsley表示:「好多令加州變得偉大嘅人而家正暗中商討離開,或者已決定喺未來12個月內離開。」佢話億萬富翁可能會跟隨一個日益增長嘅趨勢,即係「唔係用選票,而係用搬遷嚟表達自己嘅立場」。

前Facebook高層、知名風投Chamath Palihapitiya聲稱,已經有淨資產總值達5000億美元嘅人離開咗加州,因為佢哋唔想承受呢個被稱為「億萬富翁稅」嘅資產徵稅。

佢指出,反對者嘅一個常見論點係,雖然呢個稅短期內可能令州政府收入增加,但長遠嚟講,加州嘅預算赤字只會越嚟越大。

Horsley仲話:「當億萬富翁離開,收入亦會隨之減少。如果收入下降,州政府就需要(A)削減開支、計劃同福利,或者(B)向留下嘅人加稅,但唔會增加福利。」

保守派智庫卡托研究所過往亦指出,頂尖收入者承擔咗過高比例嘅所得稅。

Castle Island Ventures合夥人Nic Carter認為,對於加密行業嚟講,喺新稅壓力下搬遷相對容易。佢表示:「資本比以往任何時候都更流動,分散式或者全球化嘅初創企業而家已經係常態,甚至係大型企業。」

富豪真係加稅後會點做?

2024年,英國倡議組織Tax Justice Network發表嘅一份研究報告指出,挪威、瑞典同丹麥推行財富稅改革後,最富有嘅家庭中,遷移率低於0.01%。

英國喺2024年出現第二高嘅百萬富翁淨流出,超過9000人離開,但Tax Justice Network嘅傳訊主管Mark Bou Mansour指出,呢個數字只係當時約300萬百萬富翁嘅不足1%。

佢話:「根本冇所謂嘅百萬富翁大規模逃離。如果睇返佢哋自2013年起嘅遷移數據,百萬富翁嘅遷移率每年都少於1%,無論係全球定係國內。數據表明,百萬富翁係高度穩定唔易搬遷嘅。」

倫敦政治經濟學院2024年嘅另一份報告亦發現,超級富豪對所在地點有高度依附,冇搵到願意因1%稅率而離開英國嘅富豪受訪者。

呢啲例子假設富豪係搬去其他國家,但即使係加州,富豪只係搬去其他州,數據都唔支持有大規模財富外流嘅風險。

美國財富分配倡議組織Inequality.org表示:「雖然部分稅務遷移係不可避免,但為避稅而搬遷嘅富豪只佔佢哋社會階層嘅極少數。」

佢哋引用政策研究所同州稅務聯盟嘅數據,指出頂尖收入者通常唔會因為家庭、社交網絡同本地商業知識而搬遷。

即使華盛頓州同麻薩諸塞州加稅,淨資產達七位數嘅人數仍然持續增加,兩州亦成功籌集大量收入用於州政府計劃。

對於加州嘅超級富豪嚟講,似乎籌措州政府資金並非佢哋最擔心嘅事。Powell認為現時嘅稅款被浪費喺浪費開支同欺詐上。

白宮加密貨幣及人工智能專員、同時亦係加密富豪嘅David Sacks表示:「加州點解需要財富稅?係為咗資助龐大嘅欺詐。德州同佛羅里達呢啲紅州根本冇所得稅。民主黨人偷嘢,然後怪罪創造工作嘅人貪婪。」

近期,特朗普政府派出聯邦調查局(FBI)同移民及海關執法局(ICE)等聯邦機構調查加州同明尼蘇達等民主黨州嘅欺詐指控,但明尼蘇達地方當局否認咗呢啲未經證實嘅指控。

目前,加州嘅稅收提案仍未能成功進入選票,更未獲州長批准。加州可能會失去部分加密富豪,但增加嘅稅收收入可能值得冒呢個風險。

評論與分析

加州提出針對超級富豪嘅資產稅,表面上係為咗增加州政府收入,尤其係醫療保健等公共服務嘅資金,但背後反映出加州財政壓力同社會不平等嘅矛盾。加密貨幣富豪嘅威脅離開,係典型嘅「富豪逃稅」論述,但歷史數據同研究顯示,真正因稅務搬遷嘅超級富豪比例極低,佢哋更重視社交網絡、家庭同商業環境。

加州作為全球科技與加密貨幣創新的重鎮,確實面臨如何平衡稅收政策與保持競爭力嘅挑戰。加密富豪嘅威脅,某程度上係一種談判策略,試圖影響政策制定者,但同時亦提醒政府需謹慎設計稅制,避免過度依賴少數富豪嘅稅收。

未來,加州同其他州份如何在促進公平稅制與維持經濟活力之間取得平衡,將成為美國財政政策嘅重要課題。同時,加密貨幣行業因其資本流動性高,將成為稅務政策影響力嘅試金石,值得持續關注。

以上文章由GPT 所翻譯及撰寫。圖片由Gemini 根據內容自動生成。

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