加密貨幣集體訴訟潮來襲！

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從Coinbase到Milei和LIBRA：加密貨幣集體訴訟不斷增加

隨著全球對加密貨幣的接受度不斷提升，相關公司的集體訴訟也日益增多。根據經濟和金融諮詢公司Cornerstone的最新報告，2025年上半年針對加密貨幣公司的集體訴訟數量幾乎達到去年全年總數的水平。

儘管美國金融監管機構如證券交易委員會的執法態度發生了180度的轉變，投資者依然對加密貨幣公司保持追責。Cornerstone的調查結果僅代表與證券相關的集體訴訟，加密公司還面臨與消費者保護和詐騙有關的集體訴訟。其中一些公司甚至牽涉到高層政治人物，例如阿根廷總統。

以下是2025年上半年引起廣泛關注的六大加密案件。

Bakkt被指控違反證券法

美國加密貨幣交易所Bakkt，總部位於喬治亞州和紐約，正面臨一宗集體訴訟。原告聲稱該交易所發表了虛假或誤導性的聲明，並未披露某些信息。原告Guy Serge A. Franklin於4月2日提起訴訟，要求對Bakkt及其高層進行陪審團審判。訴訟指控Bakkt違反美國證券法，並在失去美國銀行和Webull作為客戶的情況下缺乏透明度。

訴訟文件聲稱，由於Webull在2023和2024年占Bakkt加密服務收入的74%，而美國銀行則占其忠誠服務收入的17%，因此將面臨“73%的收入損失”。Bakkt被指控“誤導了其加密服務收入的穩定性和多樣性”。

Coinbase面臨多方面的集體訴訟

美國主要加密貨幣交易所Coinbase及其一些高管在多個州面臨多宗集體訴訟。今年2月，Coinbase股東Wenduo Guo在新澤西州的聯邦法院提起訴訟，指控該交易所未能披露客戶資產可能被視為Coinbase破產財產的一部分，這使得零售客戶成為無擔保債權人。

訴訟指出，在Coinbase於2021年上市之前，已有多家交易所倒閉，讓投資者損失慘重。儘管Coinbase聲稱其情況不同，但原告認為事實並非如此。

5月，更多訴訟被提出，指控Coinbase違反伊利諾伊州的生物識別隱私法。原告Scott Bernstein、Gina Greeder和James Lonergan在5月13日的訴訟中聲稱，Coinbase為了符合“了解你的客戶”要求，對顏面數據的“大規模收集”違反了生物識別信息隱私法（BIPA）。

此外，Coinbase在5月15日宣布，網絡罪犯賄賂海外客服代理人，洩露客戶數據並協助進行網絡攻擊。初步估計修復和賠償費用在1.8億至4億美元之間。此事件導致至少六宗訴訟在事件發生幾天後被提交。

Strategy的比特幣策略受到法律審查

由比特幣極端支持者Michael Saylor領導的Strategy公司在5月中旬遭到集體訴訟。根據SEC的文件，該訴訟指控Strategy及其高管“對其比特幣投資策略和財務運作的預期盈利能力作出虛假和/或誤導性陳述，或未能披露相關信息”。

該訴訟於5月16日提交，幾天前Strategy以764.9百萬美元的價格購買了7390 BTC，平均價格約為103,500美元。

LIBRA幣面臨投資者的憤怒

在今年較為奇特的案件中，LIBRA這個由阿根廷總統Javier Milei支持的代幣項目，正面臨不滿投資者的集體訴訟。LIBRA最初被宣傳為一個將促進阿根廷經濟發展的區塊鏈項目，卻在2025年初的“迷因幣”熱潮中迅速崛起。

該代幣在2月首次發布後價值暴漲，並因Milei的一條支持推文而受到關注，但該推文隨後被刪除，LIBRA的價格也隨之暴跌。3月17日，Burwick Law對Kelsier Ventures、KIP Protocol和Meteora提起集體訴訟，指控其以“欺騙性、操控性和根本不公平”的方式進行LIBRA代幣的推出。

Pump.fun的迷因幣熱潮面臨勒索指控

在7月，迷因幣啟動平台Pump.fun成為集體訴訟的目標，指控其以“前端老虎機”運作，通過迷因幣計劃從用戶手中獲得超過55億美元。訴訟聲稱其結構模仿了一個操縱的老虎機，早期玩家贏得獎金的同時，卻讓後來的玩家遭受損失。

原告要求撤銷所有Pump.fun的交易，並要求賠償損失。

Nike面臨“拉地毯”指控

全球運動服裝巨頭Nike也面臨執行“拉地毯”行為的指控，因其關閉了非同質化代幣（NFT）平台RTFKT。許多品牌曾經熱衷於進入這一領域，但卻在短短幾年內關閉了業務，Nike也不例外。

一組RTFKT用戶在4月25日的訴訟中聲稱，由於Nike炒作其以運動鞋為主題的NFT，卻最終關閉了該平台，造成了“重大損失”。訴訟指控Nike以NFT的形式提供未註冊的證券，並要求賠償500萬美元，指控Nike違反消費者保護法和多項州的不公平貿易和競爭法。

法律行動可能需要時間

針對加密貨幣公司的集體訴訟數量不斷增加，這些案件可能對財務和聲譽造成嚴重影響，但結案可能需要很長時間，甚至可能永遠不會結束。例如，2020年4月，Chase Williams對Binance提起訴訟，指控該交易所出售未註冊的代幣，導致其價值大幅下跌。Binance試圖駁回此案，但未能成功，並將案件提交至美國最高法院審查，最終於今年1月被拒絕。

其他案件，例如針對曾經支持FTX的名人的訴訟，也花費了數年時間才達成和解或某種形式的結論。

這些案件顯示出加密貨幣行業的複雜性與風險，投資者在追求潛在收益的同時，也必須面對法律風險的挑戰。這不僅是對企業的考驗，也是對整個行業信任的挑戰，未來的發展將如何影響這些案件的走向，值得我們持續關注。

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