光照凍結技術:阻止病毒入侵新突破




國立清華大學研發細胞運輸「凍結」技術 可阻擋病毒入侵

2025年1月22日,台灣新竹——人類細胞的運作就像一個城市依賴精確的運輸系統,將各種物品和材料送到正確的位置。然而,這個運輸系統在人體內的高速運行為科學家帶來了重大挑戰。由國立清華大學分子醫學研究所的林教授領導的研究團隊,最近開發出一種名為「鉚釘系統」(RIVET)的技術,這是一種細胞運輸凍結技術。只需用光照射細胞,就能在幾秒鐘內停止特定運輸囊泡的運動,彷彿它們被「固定」住了一樣。

研究團隊在動物實驗中進一步驗證了這項技術。在顯微鏡下觀察到,經過特定波長的藍光照射後,原本扭動的線蟲變得完全靜止,彷彿施下了《哈利·波特》中的冰凍咒語。這是因為負責傳遞神經信號的突觸囊泡的運動被暫停了。當光源關閉後,線蟲又恢復了活動,彷彿咒語被解除,這顯示出該技術能夠精確且可逆地控制神經系統的運作。

林教授指出,這一突破不僅有助於科學家更好地理解生命的運作機制,還可以用於控制胰島素分泌、營養吸收、神經傳導,甚至病毒入侵,為各種疾病的治療帶來新的希望。該研究已發表在頂尖期刊《Advanced Science》上。

生命的運作必須依賴細胞運輸各種物質,數以千計的不同運輸囊泡在不同的軌道上運行,猶如省道和國道,形成一個複雜而精確的物流系統。但這些物質是如何正確送達目的地的呢?林教授解釋,細胞將營養素、荷爾蒙和其他物質包裝在囊泡中,就像小氣泡,然後由馬達蛋白沿著細胞的「微管」運輸,將它們送到正確的目的地。

「細胞內運輸的速度驚人!」林教授表示。如果運輸囊泡被放大到汽車的大小,它們的速度可以達到每小時700公里,快於子彈列車。林教授開發的鉚釘系統就像車輛的緊急制動系統,能夠在15秒內完全停止運輸囊泡的運動。

林教授指出,以前要暫停細胞內的運輸系統進行研究,需要隔離或抑制運輸囊泡中的相關分子,這個過程需要3天,效率極低。然而,研究團隊開發的鉚釘系統解決了這個問題。它通過基因改造,為特定的運輸囊泡和微管製造不同的「生物膠」,在特定波長的藍光照射下,囊泡和軌道像AB膠一樣粘在一起,暫停它們的運動。

林教授解釋,除了光,還可以使用化學試劑來控制細胞運輸系統,但這些試劑難以去除,無法隨意啟動和停止過程。相比之下,光照法更為理想。「無論哪個囊泡被照射就會停止,當藍光關閉時,它又會開始運動。就像有一個開關一樣。」

這項技術的發現實際上是偶然的。當林教授指導碩士生陳曉琪的研究時,他們一起發現原本設計的對照組出現了意想不到的現象,這促使他們轉變思路,使研究團隊將意外變成了重大發現。

「如果我們能夠隨意控制細胞,就不會再有疾病,也不需要吃藥。」這是林教授作為生物醫學科學家的偉大理想。事實上,在開發鉚釘系統後,他所領導的團隊已將其應用於多個研究領域。例如,COVID-19病毒依賴ACE2囊泡進入人體,林教授的研究團隊已成功利用鉚釘系統關閉ACE2囊泡的運輸,阻止病毒的入侵。

除了在線蟲中控制細胞運輸外,鉚釘系統還可以用於控制果蠅和小鼠等實驗動物的細胞運輸。更重要的是,林教授的團隊發現,衰老與細胞內運輸功能密切相關。如果能夠控制細胞運輸,將為治療與年齡相關的疾病、神經疾病以及病毒感染開辟新的研究方向。

評論

這項研究的突破無疑為生物醫學領域帶來了新的希望,特別是在控制細胞運輸和治療疾病方面。隨著科技的進步,能夠精確控制細胞內的運輸過程,將可能改變我們對疾病的治療方式,甚至可能實現更大範圍的疾病預防。然而,這項技術的實際應用仍需進一步的研究和臨床試驗,以確保其安全性和有效性。未來,這種技術或許能在抗病毒、抗衰老等領域發揮重要作用,值得我們持續關注。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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"body_position": "She is seated regally on a luxurious Egyptian throne angled slightly to the side, her torso and legs elegantly turned to match the diagonal composition, enhancing her curves and royal poise.",
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"expression": "She looks directly into the camera with a composed, intelligent, and seductive gaze—calm authority mixed with magnetic allure."
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"appearance": {
"outfit": "An exceptionally bongga, sexy, and ultra-colorful Cleopatra couture gown designed as a high-fashion masterpiece. The gown features a sculpted corset bodice encrusted with multicolored gemstones—turquoise, lapis blue, emerald green, ruby red, amethyst violet, and molten gold—arranged in intricate Egyptian patterns. The fabric transitions into layered sheer silks in jewel tones that cascade dramatically, creating movement and depth. A daring thigh-high slit reveals her leg, while illusion panels and crystal embroidery contour her waist and hips. The gown shimmers with every hue, bold yet luxurious, sensual yet undeniably royal.",
"accessories": "A dramatic Egyptian crown with raised cobra centerpiece and iridescent gemstone inlays, oversized multi-layered gold collar necklace, engraved arm cuffs, crystal-encrusted finger rings, an ornate gold waist belt, anklets with delicate charms, and elegant flat Egyptian sandals.",
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