侵侵擬徵關稅,唯獨石油或豁免?加墨或反擊

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特朗普考慮對加拿大和墨西哥的新關稅例外

美國從這兩個國家獲取超過一半的石油進口

特朗普總統計劃對美國的三大貿易夥伴之一的墨西哥和加拿大徵收25%的關稅,這項措施最快將於星期六生效。然而,他正考慮對他最喜愛的產品之一——石油,進行豁免。

“對我來說,石油不會受到影響,”特朗普在週四的白宮內部對記者表示。“這取決於價格。如果石油的價格合理,如果他們對我們的對待也合適——而事實上,他們並沒有。”

石油進口的依賴性

根據2022年的數據,加拿大和墨西哥是美國最大的原油出口國,合佔美國所有石油進口的62%。在2024年的前十個月,加拿大每日向美國運送超過400萬桶原油,而墨西哥每日則運送468,000桶。

關稅的實施預計將推高汽油價格,這是特朗普在競選期間反對的事情,並可能對石油和天然氣公司造成影響,而這些公司在2024年選舉中是特朗普的主要支持者之一。上週,特朗普宣佈進入“國家能源緊急狀態”,並呼籲增加石油開採。

市場反應及貿易影響

據報導,美國西德克薩斯中質原油期貨和布倫特原油期貨本週分別預計下降1.47%和1.48%。布倫特原油期貨在週五稍有下跌,而WTI基準則小幅上漲28美分。

特朗普在兩個月前首次威脅這些國家徵收大額關稅,理由是非法毒品(如芬太尼)和無證移民流入美國。他最近幾週多次重申這些威脅,並指出美國與這些國家的貿易赤字,他稱之為“巨大的”補貼。根據稅務基金會的數據,這類關稅將使經濟產出縮減0.4%,並在2025年至2034年間增加1.2萬億美元的稅收。

根據美國人口普查局的數據,2024年1月至11月,加拿大的貿易額為6990億美元,與墨西哥的貿易額為7760億美元。美國從墨西哥進口的商品價值比出口多出1572億美元,而與加拿大的貿易赤字約為550億美元。

潛在的報復措施

加拿大外長梅拉尼·喬利在接受《金融時報》訪問時表示,特朗普的關稅將迫使美國從委內瑞拉進口更多石油,而特朗普在他的第一任期內對該國實施了全面制裁。據報導,加拿大和墨西哥已準備好對美國進口商品徵收報復性稅。

墨西哥的關稅可能針對食品產品,如奶酪、豬肉和威士忌,還有製造的鋼鐵和鋁材,而加拿大則可能針對價值256億美元的商品,包括食品和飲料、洗碗機及馬桶等。

特朗普還可能對中國徵收10%的新關稅,這是他多次討論的話題。中國在去年是美國第三大貿易夥伴,截至11月的貿易總額超過5320億美元,貿易赤字為2700億美元。和墨西哥及中國一樣,特朗普利用關稅威脅試圖阻止芬太尼流入美國。

“我說,我們不想要這些垃圾進入我們的國家。我們必須制止它,”特朗普上週回憶與中國主席習近平的通話時表示。“我們正在談論對中國徵收10%的關稅,因為他們把芬太尼送到墨西哥和加拿大。”

評論

特朗普對於關稅的威脅及其可能帶來的經濟影響,無疑反映了他在貿易政策上的強硬立場。這種做法不僅可能對美國的消費者造成影響,還可能使與鄰國的關係更加緊張,特別是在如今全球經濟仍在復甦的時期。

此外,特朗普對石油的“豁免”也顯示出他對能源政策的偏好,這或許會引發國內外對其政策一致性的質疑。隨著國際市場的變化,未來的貿易關係將如何發展,將值得我們持續關注。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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