以速度定義抗逆力?以太坊VS Solana大辯論




以太坊與Solana就區塊鏈韌性定義展開激辯

以太坊與Solana不僅在擴容問題上存在分歧,兩者對未來區塊鏈網絡應如何抵禦風險的理念亦大相逕庭。兩個項目創辦人最近的言論揭示了「韌性」這一概念的不同理解,反映出在主權、速度及經濟設計之間的深層取捨。

以太坊聯合創辦人Vitalik Buterin在X(前Twitter)上重申了以太坊的《無信任宣言》,他將韌性定義為防範災難性失效的能力,包括政治排斥、基礎設施崩潰、開發者流失及資金被沒收等風險。Buterin強調,以太坊的設計並非為了追求效率或便利,而是確保用戶即使在惡劣環境下仍能保持主權。

他指出:「韌性就是讓世界任何角落的任何人都能接入網絡,成為一等公民。韌性就是主權。」

Solana創辦人提出截然不同的韌性觀

Solana聯合創辦人Anatoly Yakovenko回應Buterin的觀點,稱其為「酷的願景」,但他對韌性的理解則聚焦於全球高吞吐量及低延遲的資訊同步能力,且不依賴任何可信中介。對Yakovenko而言,可靠性與性能是不可分割的,韌性不應該是性能的哲學性取捨。

他表示:「如果世界需要1Gbps的帶寬和10個同時進行的10毫秒批量拍賣,那麼這就是我們必須可靠提供的底線;如果是10Gbps和100個1毫秒拍賣,那我們就會達到這個標準。」

背後的爭議與挑戰

Buterin日前宣稱以太坊已透過PeerDAS和零知識以太坊虛擬機(zkEVMs)有效解決了區塊鏈三難困境——去中心化、安全性與擴展性。此言論引發市場對以太坊路線的嚴格審視,並激起關於韌性應以冗餘與主權衡量,還是以速度與經濟競爭力為標準的辯論。

Cyber Capital創辦人Justin Bons批評以太坊選擇的路線是失敗的,認為其在容量與速度上均無法在競爭時限內勝出,性能與經濟現實不應被視為次要考量。

韌性:冗餘還是性能?

以太坊的韌性理念基於架構謹慎與冗餘設計,網絡運行獨立的執行與共識客戶端,鼓勵多樣性以降低可能導致區塊產出停擺的風險。其擴容策略亦採取漸進式提升數據吞吐量,優先保障費用穩定及節點安全,避免急速提升執行速度帶來系統性風險。

經濟信號方面,以太坊驗證者退出隊列在今年初幾乎清零,顯示驗證者願意長期鎖倉,反映對以太坊長遠安全與發展路線的信心。

相比之下,Solana則將韌性建立在性能之上。Yakovenko的言論暗示該鏈將專注於可靠處理實時市場、拍賣及支付。雖然Solana過去曾歷經多次網絡中斷,但通過協議升級、費用市場及網絡改進,基礎設施持續強化。

架構取捨與機構採納的信號

兩種模式各有利弊。以太坊對韌性的宏大承諾仍依賴尚未在主網大規模測試的zkEVM與提案者-建造者分離設計。Bons認為這可能引發新的中心化壓力,將權力集中於資本密集型的專業建造者,若該層失效,可能帶來活性風險。

從機構採納角度看,以太坊仍是穩定幣和代幣化國庫的主流結算層,體現出市場對可預測性和保守風險偏好的青睞。反觀Solana在性能敏感的應用場景中加速機構採用,2025年底其代幣化實體資產創新高,現貨Solana ETF及企業支付實驗亦逐步獲得認可。

綜合而言,以太坊與Solana在韌性路線上呈現分歧:以太坊強調在犧牲速度的情況下確保存活能力,而Solana則優先考慮在實時需求下的經濟可行性,即使這意味著需要更緊密的協調。

評論與啟示

這場以太坊與Solana關於韌性的辯論,實際上反映了區塊鏈技術發展中一個核心且持續存在的矛盾:是追求極致的去中心化與用戶主權,還是追求高性能與市場競爭力?Buterin的觀點強調了區塊鏈作為抗審查、抗壓迫工具的本質使命,這對於保障用戶自由和系統長期穩定至關重要。然而,這種設計必然帶來效率上的妥協,可能限制其在實時金融市場和大規模商業應用中的競爭力。

相對地,Yakovenko的Solana路線則更貼近傳統金融系統的需求,強調速度和吞吐量,力求在經濟活動中提供即時且可靠的支持,但這也可能使其更依賴中心化的基礎設施和協調機制,增加系統風險和審查可能性。

對香港及全球的區塊鏈生態來說,這兩種路線各有其適用場景和用戶群。投資者和開發者應根據自身需求,權衡韌性與性能的取捨。未來區塊鏈技術或許能通過創新設計,尋求這兩者的平衡點,既保障用戶主權,又滿足高速經濟活動的需求。

同時,這場辯論也提醒我們,區塊鏈的發展不僅是技術問題,更是價值觀和社會結構的反映。不同的韌性定義背後,是對未來數字社會治理模式的不同想像。作為媒體,我們應持續關注這些討論,深入挖掘背後的社會與經濟意涵,為讀者提供多維度的視角,助他們在快速變化的區塊鏈世界中做出明智選擇。

以上文章由GPT 所翻譯及撰寫。圖片由Gemini 根據內容自動生成。

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