以戰事拖累以色列借貸能力




以色列一年的戰爭動搖其借貸能力

倫敦/耶路撒冷(路透社)— 以色列經濟在過去一年中勉強應對了一場可能演變為區域性衝突的戰爭,但不斷上升的借貸成本開始對其金融架構造成壓力。

根據財政部的數據,截至八月,資助加沙戰爭的直接成本為1000億謝克爾(約合26.3億美元)。以色列央行估計,到2025年底,這一數字可能上升至2500億謝克爾,但這一估算是在以色列進攻黎巴嫩與真主黨作戰之前做出的,這將進一步增加成本。

這導致了信用評級的下調,進而放大了可能持續數年的經濟效應,同時,以色列債務違約保險的成本接近12年來的最高水平,預算赤字也在膨脹。

「只要戰爭持續,主權債務指標將繼續惡化,」聯合投資的投資組合經理謝爾蓋·德加切夫說。

儘管以色列的債務與GDP比率——衡量經濟健康的核心指標——去年為62%,但借貸需求已經激增。

「即使以色列有相對好的基礎,財政方面仍將面臨痛苦,」德加切夫補充道:「隨著時間的推移,這將對評級施加壓力。」

以色列財政部長表示,經濟依然強勁,國家的信用評級應該會在戰爭結束後反彈。

戰爭的成本高昂,這是由於以色列的鐵穹防空系統、大規模動員部隊和密集的轟炸行動。今年,債務與GDP比率達到67%,而政府赤字占GDP的比例為8.3%,遠高於此前預期的6.6%。

儘管以色列的國際債券核心買家——被其相對較高的主權債務評級吸引的養老基金或主要資產管理公司——不太可能在短期內拋售資產,但投資者基礎已經縮小。

私人投資者表示,由於對戰爭進行方式的ESG(環境、社會和治理)影響的擔憂,越來越多的興趣在於拋售以色列債券或不購買它們。

挪威主權財富基金的一位發言人表示,挪威銀行在2023年出售了一小部分以色列政府債券,「因為市場的不確定性增加。」

「顯然,反映這些擔憂的是估值,」法國巴黎銀行新興市場信用策略全球主管阮說,並補充道,以色列債券的交易利差遠高於同類評級國家。

在被問及借貸成本上升和投資者的ESG擔憂時,以色列財政部未立即回應置評請求。

儘管以色列的國內債券市場深厚、流動性強且迅速擴展,但外國投資者已經撤退。

央行數據顯示,非居民持有的份額從去年9月的14.4%(約800億謝克爾)下降到今年7月的8.4%(約555億謝克爾)。在此期間,未償還債券的數量增長了超過五分之一。

「以色列機構實際上在過去幾個月購買了更多債券,我猜一些全球投資者因地緣政治和不確定性而賣出了債券,」一位財政部官員說,拒絕透露姓名。

股票投資者也在縮減。Copley Fund Research的數據顯示,國際投資者對以色列基金的削減始於2023年5月,即有爭議的司法改革期間,並在10月7日哈馬斯襲擊後加速。

全球基金對以色列股票的持有量現在已經達到十年來的最低。

根據聯合國貿易和發展會議的數據,2023年對以色列的外國直接投資同比下降了29%,是2016年以來的最低水平。雖然2024年的數據尚未公佈,但評級機構已經指出戰爭對此類投資的不可預測影響是一個關注點。

所有這些都放大了對本地投資和政府支持的需求。

政府在四月份承諾提供1.6億美元的公共資金,以促進對至關重要的科技部門的風險投資,該部門占以色列經濟的約20%。

這增加了其他成本,包括安置成千上萬因戰鬥而流離失所的人,許多人住在由於遊客銳減而空置的酒店中。

由於動員部隊導致的勞動力短缺和以色列拒絕允許巴勒斯坦工人進入,這些情況正在阻礙其農業和建築業。

後者一直是抑制經濟增長的關鍵因素——去年第四季度經濟增長下降了超過20%,且尚未恢復。根據高盛的計算,截至六月底的三個月數據顯示,經季節調整後的GDP仍比襲擊前水平低1.5%。

到目前為止,以色列籌集資金的難度並不大。今年,它在國際資本市場上出售了約80億美元的債務。其僑民債券工具以色列債券正瞄準超過27億美元的第二個年度紀錄。

但借貸成本上升,加上支出增加和經濟壓力,正在逼近。

「以色列有繼續支撐下去的空間,因為有一個龐大的國內投資者基礎,可以繼續資助另一個龐大的赤字,」 Ninety One固定收益團隊分析師羅傑·馬克說。

「然而,本地投資者希望看到政府至少有一些整合努力的跡象。」

($1 = 3.8055謝克爾)

**編輯評論:**

以色列在戰爭中的經濟壓力顯而易見,不僅直接的戰爭成本高昂,其次是信貸評級的下調和外國投資者的撤離,使得以色列的財政壓力進一步加劇。儘管以色列的國內投資者基礎依然強勁,但長期的財政赤字和不確定的戰爭前景無疑會對經濟造成更大的挑戰。

這篇文章揭示了戰爭對經濟的多重影響,不僅僅是直接的軍事開支,還包括間接的投資環境惡化和社會成本增加。這些問題的累積效應將可能對以色列未來的經濟增長和財政穩定產生深遠影響。

從香港的角度來看,這樣的局勢提醒我們,地緣政治風險不僅僅是新聞中的一個話題,它們對經濟市場和投資環境有著真實而深遠的影響。投資者需要更加謹慎地考慮這些風險,並在投資決策中納入更多的風險管理策略。

以上文章由特價GPT API根據網上資料所翻譯及撰寫,過程中沒有任何人類參與 🙂

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Use my uploaded female subject as the ONLY face reference — her face, bone structure, proportions, and identity must remain 100% accurate. She is sitting low and relaxed on a worn vintage couch inside a messy 90s-era bedroom, dripping with grunge attitude and self-confidence. The entire room tells a story of obsession — the walls are completely covered in posters, photos, magazine clippings, and polaroids of HER, all different versions of her: glam looks, grungy looks, party looks, soft looks, edgy looks, all chaotic and layered, taped and pinned unevenly like a shrine to herself. Wardrobe: She wears an oversized, slouchy dark hoodie left open, revealing a white tube top underneath. The outfit is provocative but raw — lots of exposed skin at the waist, collarbones, shoulders, and legs. The vibe is unapologetically sexy, rebellious, and confident. Bare legs or very short bottoms, worn sneakers or socks, very lived-in 90s styling.
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She sits back into the couch with dominant, careless confidence — legs apart or casually stretched, shoulders relaxed. Her expression is sultry, knowing, and powerful, like she’s fully aware the entire room revolves around her. She looks down toward the camera, owning the frame.
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The camera is placed very low on the floor, angled sharply upward toward her, creating dramatic depth perception. Her legs and body feel larger in the foreground, her face looming above, while the poster-covered walls stretch upward behind her, creating a warped, immersive perspective. Slight wide-angle distortion for intensity. Lighting: Moody, low-light bedroom lighting — a mix of cool blue tones and dirty warm highlights. Neon or lamp glow spills across the posters. Shadows fall unevenly across the room, adding grit and texture. Film grain, subtle motion blur energy, raw 90s music-video atmosphere. Overall vibe: Sexy, grungy, chaotic, self-obsessed A young woman with fair skin is taking a selfie inside a fitness center (gym).

Main Subject: A young woman with long black hair in a messy bun. She is wearing a light cream or ivory long-sleeved sports zipper jacket and black tight sports shorts. She is also wearing long white socks with black stripes at the top and white sports shoes.

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Selfie in the gym, young woman with messy bun and cream jacket, sitting on a training machine, aesthetic sporty, indoor lighting. Without changing her face. {
"intro": "Create an ultra realistic 8K UHD DSLR photo based on the attached image as a reference of facial features, maintaining 100% likeness.",

"subject": {
"identity": "A stylish beautiful woman portrayed as Cleopatra during her sacred milk bath beauty ritual, embodying divine femininity, sensual elegance, and timeless power.",
"angle": "Close-up beauty editorial captured at a refined 3/4 angle, focusing on her face, shoulders, and upper chest with extreme clarity and no blur.",
"pose": {
"body_position": "She is partially submerged in a luxurious milk bath, her shoulders and collarbones emerging gracefully from the surface.",
"hands": "One hand gently rests at the edge of the bath with milk droplets on her fingers, while the other lightly touches her neck adorned with subtle gold jewelry.",
"expression": "Soft yet commanding gaze directed toward the camera—calm, confident, intimate, and hypnotic."
}
},

"appearance": {
"outfit": "A barely-there, ritual-style ivory silk drape partially submerged in the milk bath, clinging softly to her skin. The fabric is delicate and translucent, edged with fine gold-thread embroidery for a sensual, sacred aesthetic.",
"accessories": "Minimal ritual jewelry—thin gold collar necklace resting above the milk surface, delicate arm cuff, subtle finger ring—kept refined to maintain focus on beauty and skin.",
"hair": "Her hair is sleek and ritual-polished, partially damp and slicked back at the crown, with soft wet strands framing her face naturally, reflecting candlelight.",
"makeup": "High-fashion Cleopatra beauty makeup with ceremonial artistry—perfectly sculpted brows, elongated black kohl eyeliner, vibrant eyeshadow layered in turquoise, teal, emerald, sapphire blue, and metallic gold. Beneath the eyes, subtle artistic ink-inspired accents echo ancient Egyptian symbolism. Her skin is luminous and dewy, cheeks softly flushed, and lips finished in a nude-rose satin sheen."
},

"ritual_props": {
"bath": "A carved alabaster bathtub filled with warm milk infused with honey, almond oil, and lotus essence.",
"floating_elements": [
"Fresh lotus flowers",
"Soft white rose petals",
"Delicate gold flakes shimmering on the milk surface"
],
"beauty_products": [
"Small golden perfume vial with lotus and myrrh oil",
"Alabaster bowl of honey and milk mixture",
"Clay jar of mineral kohl and pigment powders"
]
},

"background": {
"macro_environment": "An intimate royal bathing chamber within Cleopatra’s palace, designed as a sacred beauty sanctuary.",
"midground_details": "Soft linen curtains, glowing oil lamps, tall candles, and subtle steam rising from the bath, creating a warm and sensual atmosphere.",
"micro_elements": "Milk ripples around her skin, floating petals touching her shoulders, tiny droplets of moisture on her collarbones, reflections of candle flames on gold jewelry, visible stone texture on the tub, and delicate fabric translucency—every detail sharply rendered with zero blur."
},

"lighting": {
"type": "Warm cinematic candlelight combined with soft ambient palace glow.",
"effect": "Golden highlights sculpt her face and skin while gentle shadows enhance depth, intimacy, and divine beauty."
},

"camera": {
"camera_type": "DSLR",
"resolution": "8K UHD",
"lens": "85mm prime lens for beauty editorial compression",
"aperture": "f/8 for maximum facial and detail sharpness",
"iso": 100,
"shutter_speed": "1/160s",
"focus": "Extreme sharp focus on facial features, skin texture, makeup details, and milk surface, no bokeh, no blur"
},

"style": "Luxury beauty editorial, sacred milk bath ritual, ancient Egyptian goddess realism, intimate yet powerful, ultra-detailed, luminous skin focus, cinematic elegance"
}

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