以太坊新升級突破比特幣限制,擴容時代來臨




以太坊將突破比特幣式限制 新擴容技術漸趨成熟:Vitalik Buterin透露

以太坊聯合創辦人Vitalik Buterin表示,隨著兩項重大升級技術PeerDAS及zkEVMs由研究階段進入實際應用,網絡正接近一個關鍵轉捩點。

Buterin在X(前Twitter)發文指出,這兩項技術結合有望將以太坊帶入「一種全新且更強大的去中心化網絡」,因為它們針對過往限制區塊鏈發展的核心矛盾——系統可去中心化且達成共識,但帶寬及吞吐量卻長期偏低。

他以兩個互聯網時代的模型說明問題:BitTorrent這類系統能以去中心化方式傳輸大量數據,但不需共識機制;比特幣則擁有強大的去中心化和共識,但因每個節點需重複驗證相同工作,導致帶寬低下。

Buterin表示,以太坊下一階段目標是同時實現去中心化、共識與高帶寬。

目前第一步已經實現:PeerDAS(數據可用性抽樣)已在以太坊主網上線,讓節點能在不下載完整數據集的情況下驗證數據是否可用。PeerDAS是數據可用性抽樣(DAS)的原型,對以太坊通過分片擴容至關重要,讓輕節點能抽樣檢查分片數據是否完整發布,大幅提升擴容能力,同時保持去中心化和安全性。

第二步zkEVMs(零知識以太坊虛擬機)現已達到「生產級性能」,Buterin稱剩餘工作是確保安全性和在大規模環境下證明其穩健性。他預計2026年內,zkEVM節點將以有限形式開始出現。

Buterin還談到更長遠目標「分散式區塊構建」,即不由單一方在同一地點組裝完整區塊,從而降低審查風險並提升地理公平性。

整體而言,以太坊的擴容路線正逐步轉向將驗證工作分散到整個網絡,而非要求每個節點完全複製所有數據。

編輯評論:

Vitalik Buterin這番話揭示了以太坊未來發展的關鍵方向:突破區塊鏈「三難困境」(去中心化、安全性與擴展性三者難以兼得),透過技術創新實現三者兼顧。PeerDAS和zkEVMs的成熟,標誌著以太坊正從理論和研究階段,邁向實際可用的擴容解決方案,這對整個區塊鏈生態系統具有深遠意義。

尤其是PeerDAS讓節點能抽樣驗證數據可用性,減少了節點負擔,促進更多用戶參與網絡,提升去中心化水平;而zkEVMs則在保證安全的同時,極大提升交易吞吐量,為以太坊在DeFi、NFT等領域的廣泛應用奠定基礎。

此外,「分散式區塊構建」的構想若能實現,將有效降低區塊鏈審查風險,增加網絡的抗審查能力及公平性,這對全球不同地區的用戶尤為重要。

然而,這些技術的推廣和普及仍面臨挑戰,包括用戶教育、節點運營成本、以及與現有生態系統的兼容性等問題。未來如何在保持去中心化的同時,確保網絡的安全和高效,仍需社群共同努力。

總結來說,以太坊的這波技術革新不僅是對比特幣模式的突破,更是推動整個區塊鏈技術向更高階段發展的重要里程碑。對香港及全球加密貨幣市場而言,這意味著更多創新應用和更廣泛的採用機會,值得密切關注。

以上文章由GPT 所翻譯及撰寫。圖片由Gemini 根據內容自動生成。

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