代幣化銀行存款:穩定幣的劣勢與未來挑戰




哥倫比亞商學院教授質疑代幣化銀行存款

根據哥倫比亞商學院的兼職教授奧米德·馬萊坎(Omid Malekan)所言,代幣化銀行存款缺乏穩定幣的靈活性和技術特性,因此是一種劣質產品。

馬萊坎指出,發行代幣化銀行存款的銀行和金融機構正在進行實驗,這些銀行餘額記錄在區塊鏈上,但這項技術注定會輸給穩定幣。他表示,過度抵押的穩定幣發行者必須保持1:1的現金或短期現金等價物儲備來支持他們的代幣,從責任的角度來看,這比發行代幣化銀行存款的部分準備金銀行更安全。

穩定幣還具有可組合性,這意味著它們可以在加密生態系統中轉移並用於各種應用,而代幣化存款則受到限制,具有客戶識別(KYC)控制,功能也受到限制。

馬萊坎進一步指出,代幣化銀行存款就像是一個“只能向同一銀行的其他客戶開支票的支票賬戶”。他說:

> “這樣的代幣有什麼意義?它無法用於大多數活動,對於跨境支付毫無用處,無法服務於無銀行賬戶的人,沒有可組合性,也無法與其他資產進行原子交換,無法用於去中心化金融(DeFi)。”

根據標準普爾銀行的預測,代幣化的現實世界資產(RWA)領域,包括法定貨幣、房地產、股票、債券、商品、藝術品和收藏品,預計到2028年將增長至2萬億美元。

代幣化銀行存款必須與產生收益的穩定幣競爭

馬萊坎還指出,代幣化銀行存款還必須與產生收益的穩定幣競爭,或者那些找到方法繞過《GENIUS穩定幣法》中收益禁令的穩定幣發行者,通過各種客戶獎勵的形式將收益轉嫁給客戶。

銀行遊說團體對產生收益的穩定幣表示反對,擔心穩定幣發行者與客戶分享利息會侵蝕銀行業的市場份額。

目前,美國或英國零售銀行的儲蓄賬戶的平均收益率低於1%,因此任何高於這一水平的收益對客戶來說都具有吸引力。

來自紐約大學的教授奧斯丁·坎貝爾批評銀行遊說團體對產生收益的穩定幣的抵制,指責銀行業利用政治壓力來保護其金融利益,卻犧牲了零售客戶的利益。

這些觀點引發了對代幣化銀行存款未來的深思。隨著技術的發展,傳統銀行可能面臨越來越大的挑戰,特別是在客戶需求和金融創新方面。穩定幣的靈活性和多樣性使其在市場中更具競爭力,這也促使銀行業重新考慮其業務模式和產品設計。未來的金融生態系統可能會因為這些新興技術而發生根本性的變化,銀行需要更加開放和適應,以滿足不斷變化的市場需求。

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