代幣化銀行存款:穩定幣的劣勢分析

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哥倫比亞商學院教授質疑代幣化銀行存款的可行性

根據哥倫比亞商學院的兼任教授Omid Malekan的說法,代幣化銀行存款缺乏穩定幣的靈活性和技術特性,因而被視為劣質產品。

Malekan指出,發行過度擔保的穩定幣的發行者必須保持1:1的現金或短期現金等價物儲備來支持其代幣,這使他們在責任方面比發行代幣化銀行存款的部分準備金銀行更安全。

穩定幣具有可組合性,意味著它們可以在加密生態系統中轉移並用於各種應用,而代幣化存款則是受限的,需遵循「了解你的客戶」(KYC)規定,功能也受到限制。

Malekan進一步表示,代幣化銀行存款就像是一個「只能向同一家銀行的其他客戶開支票的支票帳戶」,他質疑道:

> 「這有什麼意義?這種代幣無法用於大多數活動。它對跨境支付毫無用處,無法服務於無銀行賬戶的人群,沒有可組合性,也無法與其他資產進行原子交換,亦無法用於去中心化金融(DeFi)。」

根據標準普爾銀行的預測,代幣化的實體資產(RWA)市場,包括法定貨幣、房地產、股票、債券、商品、藝術品和收藏品,預計到2028年將增長至2萬億美元。

穩定幣發行者將以某種方式分享收益

Malekan還強調,代幣化銀行存款必須與產生收益的穩定幣競爭,或者與那些尋找方法繞過《GENIUS穩定幣法案》中收益禁令的穩定幣發行者競爭,後者通過各種客戶獎勵的形式來分享收益。

銀行遊說團體對產生收益的穩定幣表示反對,擔心穩定幣發行者與客戶分享利息會侵蝕銀行業的市場份額。

目前美國或英國零售銀行的儲蓄賬戶平均收益率低於1%,因此任何高於這一水平的收益對客戶都具有吸引力。

來自紐約大學的教授Austin Campbell批評銀行遊說團體對產生收益的穩定幣的抵制,指責銀行業利用政治壓力來保護其金融利益,卻忽視了零售客戶的利益。

這一問題反映了傳統金融體系與新興加密貨幣市場之間的矛盾,尤其是在如何滿足客戶需求和保持市場競爭力方面。隨著穩定幣的發展,銀行需要重新考慮其業務模式,以適應這一變化的市場環境。這不僅是技術上的挑戰,也是對傳統金融業務模式的一次深刻反思。

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